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Ohio Administrative Code (Last Updated: January 12, 2021) |
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4123:1 Division of Safety and Hygiene |
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Chapter4123:1-3. Construction |
4123:1-3-08. Ropes, chains and slings
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(A) Reserved.
(B) Reserved.
(C) General requirements.
(1) Working loads.
Ropes, chains and slings shall not be used in excess of their safe working load.
(2) Factor of safety - component parts.
All connections, fittings, fastenings, parts, etc., used in connection with manila ropes, wire ropes or chains shall be of such quality and strength and so attached, connected, fastened, etc., as to provide a factor of safety of no less than the carrying agent for which they are designed.
(3) Limitation on wire rope.
Haulage rope shall not be provided for use as a hoisting rope.
(4) Clearance.
The ratio between the rope diameter and the block, sheave or pulley tread diameter shall be such as to allow the rope strands to slide past each other and adjust themselves to the bend. In no case shall the sheave diameter be less than that recommended in the manufacturer's specifications for corresponding block, sheave and pulley diameters. Sheaves or pulleys with eccentric bores or with cracked hubs, spokes or flanges shall be repaired or removed from service.
(5) Protection.
Where manila rope or wire rope is used to support equipment and is brought over a sharp corner of steel, stone or other material liable to cut or cause undue abrasion to the manila rope or wire rope, it shall be protected at such points by the use of bagging, wooden blocks or other protective padding.
(6) Manila rope prohibited.
Manila rope slings shall not be used for handling known acid- or caustic-contaminated material or objects.
(7) Use of chain prohibited.
The use of chain as a sling or choker in erection of steel is prohibited.
(D) Alloy steel chains.
(1) Welded alloy steel chain slings shall have permanently affixed durable identification stating size, grade, rated capacity, and sling manufacturer.
(2) Hooks, rings, oblong links, pear-shaped links, welded or mechanical coupling links, or other attachments, when used with alloy steel chains, shall have a rated capacity at least equal to that of the chain.
(3) Job or shop hooks and links, makeshift fasteners, made from bolts, rods, etc., or other such attachments shall not be used.
(4) Whenever wear at any point of any chain link exceeds that shown in "Table 8-1," the assembly shall be removed from service.
RATED CAPACITY (WORKING LOAD LIMIT), FOR ALLOY STEEL CHAIN SLINGS*
RATED CAPACITY (WORKING LOAD LIMIT), POUNDS
Chain
Size,
Inches
Single
Branch
Sling
90 degree
Loading
Double Sling
Vertical Angle (1)
30 degree
45 Degree
60 degree
Horizontal Angle (2)
60 degree
45 degree
30 degree
Triple and Quadruple Sling
Vertical Angle (1)
30 degree
45 degree
60 degree
Horizontal Angle (2)
60 degree
45 degree
30 degree
1/4
3,250
5,560
4,550
3,250
8,400
6,800
4,900
3/8
6,600
11,400
9,300
6,600
17,000
14,000
9,900
1/2
11,250
19,500
15,900
11,250
29,000
24,000
17,000
5/8
16,500
28,500
23,300
16,500
43,000
35,000
24,500
3/4
23,000
39,800
32,500
23,000
59,500
48,500
34,500
7/8
28,750
49,800
40,600
28,750
74,500
61,000
43,000
1
38,750
67,100
54,800
38,750
101,000
82,000
58,000
1-1/8
44,500
77,000
63,000
44,500
115,500
94,500
66,500
1-1/4
57,500
99,500
81,000
57,500
149,000
121,500
86,000
1-3/8
67,000
116,000
94,000
67,000
174,000
141,000
100,500
1-1/2
80,000
138,000
112,500
80,000
207,000
169,000
119,500
1-3/4
100,000
172,000
140,000
100,000
258,000
210,000
150,000
(1) Rating of multileg slings adjusted for angle of loading measured as the included angle between the inclined leg and the vertical.
(2) Rating of multileg slings adjusted for angle of loading between the inclined leg and the horizontal plane of the load.
*Other grades of proof tested steel chain include Proof Coil, BBB Coil and Hi-Test Chain. These grades are not recommended for overhead lifting and therefore are not covered by this code.
TABLE 8-1
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WEAR AT ANY POINT OF LINK
Chain size (inches)
Maximum allowable wear (inch)
Chain size (inches)
Maximum allowable wear (inch)
1/4 ......................
3/64
1
.................... 3/16
3/8 ......................
5/64
1 1/8
.................... 7/32
1/2 ......................
7/64
1 1/4
...................... 1/4
5/8 ......................
9/64
1 3/8
.................... 9/32
3/4 ......................
5/32
1 1/2
................5/16
7/8 ......................
11/64
1 3/4
..................... 11/32
(E) Wire rope.
(1) Employers must not use improved plow-steel wire rope and wire-rope slings with loads in excess of the rated capacities (i.e., working load limits) indicated on the sling by permanently affixed and legible identification markings prescribed by the manufacturer.
(2) Protruding ends of strands in splices on slings and bridles shall be covered or blunted.
(3) Wire rope shall not be secured by knots, except on haul-back lines of scrapers.
(4) The following limitations shall apply to the use of wire rope:
(a) An eye splice made in any wire rope shall have no less than three full tucks. However, this requirement shall not operate to preclude the use of another form of splice or connection which can be shown to be as safe and which is not otherwise prohibited.
(b) Except for eye splices in the ends of wires and for endless rope slings, each wire rope used in hoisting or lowering, or in pulling loads, shall consist of one continuous piece without knot or splice.
(c) Eyes in wire rope bridles, slings, or bull wires shall not be formed by wire rope clips or knots.
(d) Wire rope shall not be used if, in any length of eight diameters, the total number of visible broken wires exceeds ten per cent of the total number of wires, or if the rope shows other signs of excessive wear, corrosion or defect.
RATED CAPACITIES FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS 6x19 & 6x37 CLASSIFICATION IMPROVED PLOW STEEL GRADE ROPE WITH FIBER CORE (FC)
Rope
Rated Capacities, Tons ( 2.000 lb)
Dia (Inches)
Constr
Vertical
Choker
Vertical Basket*
HT
MS
S
HT
MS
S
HT
MS
S
1/4
6 x 19
0.49
0.51
0.55
0.37
0.38
0.41
0.99
1.0
1.1
5/16
6 x 19
0.76
0.79
0.85
0.57
0.59
0.64
1.5
1.6
1.7
3/8
6 x 19
1.1
1.1
1.2
0.80
0.85
0.91
2.1
2.2
2.4
7/16
6 x 19
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.1
1.1
1.2
2.9
3.0
3.3
1/2
6 x 19
1.8
2.0
2.1
1.4
1.5
1.6
3.7
3.9
4.3
9/16
6 x 19
2.3
2.5
2.7
1.7
1.9
2.0
4.6
5.0
5.4
5/8
6 x 19
2.8
3.1
3.3
2.1
2.3
2.5
5.6
6.2
6.7
7/8
6 x 19
5.1
5.9
6.4
3.9
4.5
4.8
10.0
12.0
13.0
1
6 x 19
6.7
7.7
8.4
5.0
5.8
6.3
13.0
35.0
17.0
1-1/8
6 x 19
8.4
9.5
10.0
6.3
7.1
7.9
17.0
19.0
21.0
1-1/4
6 x 37
9.8
11.0
12.0
7.4
8.3
9.2
20.0
22.0
25,0
1-3/8
6 x 37
12.0
13.0
15.0
8.9
10.0
11.0
24.0
27.0
30,0
1-1/2
6 x 37
14.0
16.0
17.0
10.0
12.0
13.0
28.0
32.0
35.0
1-5/8
6 x 37
16.0
18.0
21.0
12.0
14.0
15.0
33.0
37.0
41.0
1-3/4
6 x 37
19.0
21.0
24.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
38.0
43.0
48.0
2
6 x 37
25.0
28.0
31.0
18.0
21,0
23.0
49.0
55.0
62.0
HT = Hand Tucked Splice and Hidden Tuck Splice For hidden tuck splice (IWRC) use values in HT columns.
MS = Mechanical Splice
S = Swaged or Zinc Poured Socket
* These values only apply when the D/d ratio for HT slings is 10 or greater, and for MS and S slings is 20 or greater where:
D = Diameter of curvature around which the body of the sling is bent.
d = Diameter of rope.
RATED CAPACITIES FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS 6x19 & 6x37 CLASSIFICATION IMPROVED PLOW STEEL GRADE ROPE WITH INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPE CORE (IWRC)
Rope
Rated Capacities, Tons ( 2.000 lb)
Dla(Inches)
Conair
Vartical
Choker
Vertical Basket*
HT
MS
S
HT
MS
S
HT
MS
S
1/4
6 x 19
0.53
0.56
0.59
0.40
0.42
0.44
1,0
1,1
1.2
5/16
6 x 19
0.81
0.87
0.92
0.61
0.65
0.69
1,6
1,7
1.8
3/8
6 x 19
1.1
1.2
1.3
0.86
0.93
0.98
2,3
2,5
2.6
7/16
6 x 19
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.2
1.3
1.3
3,1
3,4
3.5
1/2
6 x 19
2.0
2.2
2.3
1.5
1.6
1.7
3,9
4.4
4.6
9/16
6 x 19
2.5
2.7
2.9
1.8
2.1
2.2
4,9
5.5
5.8
5/8
6 x 19
3.0
3.4
3.6
2.2
2,5
2.7
6,0
6.8
7.2
7/8
6 x 19
5.5
6.6
6.9
4.1
4.9
5.2
11,0
13.0
14.0
1
6 x 19
7.2
8.5
9.0
5.4
6.4
6.7
14,0
17.0
18.0
1-1/8
6 x 19
9.0
10.0
11.0
6.8
7.8
8,5
18,0
21.0
23.0
1-1/4
6 x 37
10.0
12.0
13.0
7.9
9,2
9.9
21,0
24.0
26.0
1-3/8
6 x 37
13.0
15.0
16.0
9.6
11.0
12,0
25,0
29.0
32.0
1-1/2
6 x 37
15.0
17.0
19.0
11.0
13.0
14,0
30,0
35.0
38.0
1-5/8
6 x 37
18.0
20.0
22.0
13.0
15.0
17.0
35,0
41.0
44.0
1-3/4
6 x 37
20.0
24.0
26.0
15.0
18.0
19.0
41.0
47.0
51.0
2
6 x 37
26.0
30.0
33.0
20.0
23.0
25.0
53,0
61.0
66.0
HT = Hand Tucked Splice
For hidden tuck splice (IWRC) use Table 8-3 values in HT column.
MS = Mechanical Splice.
S = Swaged or Zinc Poured Socket.
S = These values
D = Diameter of curvature around which the body of the sling is bent.
d = Diameter of rope.
RATED CAPACITIES FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS CABLE LAID ROPE - MECHANICAL SPLICE ONLY 7x7x7 & 7x7x19 CONSTRUCTIONS GALVANIZED AIRCRAFT GRADE ROPE 7x6x19 IWRC CONSTRUCTION IMPROVED PLOW STEEL GRADE ROPE
Rope
Rated Capacities, Tons (2,000 lb)
Dia (Inches)
Constr
Vertical
Choker
Vertical Basket*
1/4
7 x 7 x 7
0.5
0.38
1.0
3/8
7 x 7 x 7
1.1
0.81
2.0
1/2
7 x 7 x 7
1.8
1.4
3.7
5/8
7 x 7 x 7
2.8
2.1
5.5
3/4
7 x 7 x 7
3.8
2.9
7.6
3/4
7 x 7 x 19
4.1
3.0
8.1
7/8
7 x 7 x 19
5.4
4.0
11.0
1
7 x 7 x 19
6.9
5.1
14.0
1-1/8
7 x 7 x 19
8.2
6.2
16.0
1-1/4
7 x 7 x 19
9.9
7.4
20.0
3/4
7 x 6 x 19 IWRC
3.8
2.8
7.6
7/8
7 x 6 x 19 IWRC
5.0
3.B
10.0
1
7 x 6 x 19 IWRC
6.4
4.8
13.0
1-1/8
7 x 6 x 19 IWRC
7.7
5.8
15.0
1-1/4
7 x 6 x 19 IWRC
9.2
6.9
18.0
1-5/16
7 x 6 x 19 IWRC
10.0
7.5
20.0
1-3/8
7 x 6 x 19 IWRC
11.0
8.2
22.0
1-1/2
7 x 6 x 19 IWRC
13.0
9.6
26.0
*These values only apply when the D//d ratio is 10 or greater where:
D = Diameter of curvature around which the body of the sling is bent.
d = Diameter of rope.
RATED CAPACITIES FOR SINGLE LEG SLINGS 8-PART AND 6-PART BRAIDED ROPE 6x7 & 6x19 CONSTRUCTION IMPROVED PLOW STEEL GRADE ROPE 7x7 CONSTRUCTION GALVANIZED AIRCRAFT GRADE ROPE
Component Ropes
Rated Capacities, Tons (2,000 lb)
Dia (Inches)
Constr
Vertical
Choker
Baiket, Vertical to 30 degree*
8-Part
6-Part
8-Part
6-Part
8-Part
6-Part
3/32
6 x 7
0.42
0.32
0.32
0.24
0.74
0.55
1/8
6 x 7
0.76
0.57
0.57
0.42
1.3
0.98
3/16
6 x 7
1.7
1.3
1.3
0.94
2-9
2.2
3/32
7 x 7
0.51
0.39
0.38
0.29
0.89
0.67
3/16
7 x 7
2.1
1.5
1.5
1.2
3.6
2.7
3/16
6 x 19
1.7
1.3
1.3
0.98
3.0
2.2
1/4
6 x 19
3.1
2.3
2.3
1.7
5.3
4.0
5/16
6 x 19
4.8
3.6
3.6
2.7
8.3
6.2
3/8
6 x 19
6.8
5.1
5.1
3.8
12.0
8.9
7/16
6 x 19
9.3
6.9
6.9
5.2
16.0
12.0
1/2
6 x 19
12.0
9.0
9.0
6.7
21.0
15.0
9/16
6 x 19
15.0
11.0
11.0
8.5
26.0
20.0
5/6
6 x 19
19.0
14.0
14.0
10.0
32.0
24.0
3/4
6 x 19
27.0
20.0
20.0
15.0
46.0
35.0
7/8
6 x 19
36.0
27.0
27.0
20.0
62.0
47.0
1
6 x 19
47.0
35.0
35.0
26.0
81.0
61.0
*These values only apply when the D/Zd ratio is 20 or greater where:
D = Diameter of curvature around which the body of the sling is bent.
d = Diameter of component rope.
(5) When U-bolt wire rope clips are used to form eyes, "Table 8-2" shall be used to determine the number of clips and the amount of rope to turn back. Spacing of clips shall be uniform between the loop and the dead end. When used for eye splices, the U-bolt shall be applied so that the "U" section is in contact with the dead end of the rope.
(F) Natural rope, and synthetic fiber.
(1) General.
Employers must not use natural-fiber and synthetic-fiber rope slings with loads in excess of the rated capacities (i.e., working load limits) indicated on the sling by permanently affixed and legible identification markings prescribed by the manufacturer.
(2) All splices in rope slings provided by the employer shall be made in accordance with fiber rope manufacturers' recommendations.
(a) In manila rope, eye splices shall contain no less than three full tucks, and short splices shall contain no less than six full tucks (three on each side of the centerline of the splice).
(b) In layed synthetic fiber rope, eye splices shall contain no less than four full tucks, and short splices shall contain no less than eight full tucks (four on each side of the centerline of the splice).
(c) Strand end tails shall not be trimmed short (flush with the surface of the rope) immediately adjacent to the full tucks. This precaution applies to both eye and short splices and all types of fiber rope. For fiber ropes under one-inch diameter, the tails shall project no less than six rope diameters beyond the last full tuck. For fiber ropes one-inch diameter and larger, the tails shall project no less than six inches beyond the last full tuck. In applications where the projecting tails may be objectionable, the tails shall be tapered and spliced into the body of the rope using no less than two additional tucks (which will require a tail length of approximately six rope diameters beyond the last full tuck).
(d) For all eye splices, the eye shall be sufficiently large to provide an included angle of no greater than sixty degrees at the splice when the eye is placed over the load or support.
(e) Knots shall not be used in lieu of splices.
(G) Synthetic webbing (nylon, polyester and polypropylene).
(1) The employer shall have each synthetic web sling marked or coded to show:
(a) Name or trademark of manufacturer.
(b) Rated capacities for the type of hitch.
(c) Type of material.
(2) Rated capacity shall not be exceeded.
(H) Shackles and hooks.
(1) Employers must not use shackles with loads in excess of the rated capacities (i.e., working load limits) indicated on the shackle by permanently affixed and legible identification markings prescribed by the manufacturer.
(2) The manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed in determining the safe working loads of the various sizes and types of specific and identifiable hooks. All hooks for which no applicable manufacturer's recommendations are available shall be tested to twice the intended safe working load before they are initially put into use.
SAFE WORKING LOADS FOR SHACKLES [in tons of 2000 pounds]
Material size (inches)
Pin diameter (inches)
Safe working load
1/2 ..........................
5/8
1.4
5/8 ..........................
3/4
2.2
7/8 ..........................
1
4.3
1 ..........................
1-1/8
5.6
1-1/8 ..........................
1-1/4
6.7
1-1/4 ..........................
1-3/8
8.2
1-3/8 ..........................
1-1/2
10.0
1-1/2 ..........................
1-5/8
11.9
1-3/4 ..........................
2
16.2
2 ..........................
2-1/4
21.2
Five Year Review (FYR) Dates:
1/6/2020 and
01/01/2025
Promulgated
Under:
119.03
Statutory Authority:
4121.12,
4121.121,
4121.13,
Const. Art. II, Sec. 35
Rule Amplifies:
4121.13
Prior Effective Dates: 11/01/1979, 01/01/2011,
10/12/2014
Prior History: (Effective: 10/12/2014
Five Year Review (FYR) Dates:
07/28/2014 and
10/01/2019
Promulgated
Under:
119.03
Statutory Authority:
4121.12,
4121.121,
4121.13,
Ohio Const. Art. II, Sec. 35
Rule Amplifies:
4121.13
Prior Effective Dates: 11/1/79,
1/1/11)