4101:1-7-01 Fire and smoke protection features.  

  • Text Box: ACTION: Final Text Box: DATE: 07/29/2011 3:30 PM

     

     

     

     

     

     

    4101:1-7-01  Fire and smoke protection features.

     

    [Comment: When a reference is made within this rule to a federal statutory provision, an industry consensus standard, or any other technical publication, the specific date and title of the publication as well as the name and address of the promulgating agency are listed in rule 4101:1-35-01 of the Administrative Code. The application of the referenced standards shall be limited and as prescribed in section 102.5 of rule 4101:1-1-01 of the Administrative Code.]

     

    SECTION 701 GENERAL

     

    701.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the materials, systems  and assemblies used for structural fire resistance and fire-resistance-rated construction separation of adjacent spaces to safeguard against the spread of fire and smoke within a building and the spread of fire to or from buildings.

     

    SECTION 702 DEFINITIONS

     

    702.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter, and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.

     

    ANNULAR SPACE. The opening around the penetrating item.

     

    BUILDING ELEMENT. A fundamental component of building construction, listed in Table 601, which may or may not be of fire-resistance-rated construction and is constructed of materials based on the building type of construction.

     

    CEILING RADIATION DAMPER. A listed device installed in a ceiling membrane of a fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly to limit automatically the radiative heat transfer through an air inlet/outlet opening.

     

    COMBINATION FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER. A listed device installed in ducts and air transfer openings designed to close automatically upon the detection of  heat and resist the passage of flame and smoke. The device is installed to operate automatically, controlled by a smoke detection system, and where required, is capable of being positioned from a fire command center.

     

    COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL.  Any material not defined as noncombustible.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    DAMPER. See "Ceiling radiation damper," "Combination fire/smoke damper," "Fire damper" and "Smoke damper."

    DRAFTSTOP. A material, device or construction installed to restrict the movement of air within open spaces of concealed areas of building components  such as crawl spaces, floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling assemblies and attics.

    F RATING. The time period that the through-penetration firestop system limits the spread of fire through the penetration when tested in accordance with ASTM  E 814 or UL 1479.

    FIRE BARRIER. A fire-resistance-rated wall assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which continuity is maintained.

    FIRE DAMPER. A listed device installed in ducts and air transfer openings designed to close automatically upon detection of heat and resist the passage of  flame. Fire dampers are classified for use in either static systems that will automatically shut down in the event of a fire, or in dynamic systems  that continue to operate during a fire. A dynamic fire damper is tested and rated for  closure under elevated temperature airflow.

    FIRE DOOR. The door component of a fire door assembly.

    FIRE DOOR ASSEMBLY. Any combination of a fire door, frame, hardware and other accessories that together provide a specific degree of fire protection to the opening.

    FIRE PARTITION. A vertical assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which openings are protected.

    FIRE PROTECTION RATING. The period of time that an opening protective will maintain the ability to confine a fire as determined by tests prescribed in Section 715. Ratings are stated in hours or minutes.

    FIRE RESISTANCE. That property of materials or their assemblies that prevents or retards the passage of excessive heat, hot gases or flames under conditions of use.

    FIRE-RESISTANCE  RATING.  The  period  of  time  a  building  element, component  or  assembly  maintains  the  ability  to  confine  a  fire,  continues  to

    perform a given structural function, or both, as determined by the tests, or the methods based on tests, prescribed in Section 703.

    FIRE-RESISTANT JOINT SYSTEM. An assemblage of specific materials or  products that are designed, tested and fire-resistance rated in accordance with either ASTM E 1966 or UL 2079 to resist for a prescribed period of time the passage of fire through joints made in or between fire-resistance-rated assemblies.

    FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE. The distance measured from the building face to one of the following:

    1.      The closest interior lot line;

    2.      To the centerline of a street, an alley or public way; or

    3.      To an imaginary line between two buildings on the property.

    The distance shall be measured at right angles from the face of the wall.

    FIRE WALL. A fire-resistance-rated wall having protected openings, which restricts the spread of fire and extends continuously from the foundation to or through the roof, with sufficient structural stability under fire conditions to allow collapse of construction on either side without collapse of the wall.

    FIRE  WINDOW  ASSEMBLY.  A  window  constructed  and  glazed  to  give protection against the passage of fire.

    FIREBLOCKING. Building materials or materials for use as fireblocking, installed to resist the free passage of flame to other areas of the building through concealed spaces.

    FLOOR FIRE DOOR ASSEMBLY. A combination of a fire door, a frame, hardware and other accessories installed in a horizontal plane, which together provide a specific degree of fire protection to a through-opening in a fire- resistance-rated floor (see Section 712.8).

    HORIZONTAL ASSEMBLY. A fire-resistance-rated floor or roof assembly of  materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which continuity is maintained.

    JOINT. The linear opening in or between adjacent  fire-resistance-rated assemblies that is designed to allow independent movement of the building in any plane caused by thermal, seismic, wind or any other loading.

    MEMBRANE PENETRATION. An opening made through one side (wall, floor  or ceiling membrane) of an assembly.

    MEMBRANE-PENETRATION FIRESTOP. A material,  device  or  construction installed to resist for a prescribed time period the passage of flame and heat through openings in a protective membrane in order to accommodate cables, cable trays, conduit, tubing, pipes or similar items.

    MINERAL  FIBER.  Insulation  composed  principally  of  fibers  manufactured from rock, slag or glass, with or without binders.

    MINERAL WOOL. Synthetic vitreous fiber insulation made by melting predominately igneous rock or furnace slag, and other inorganic materials, and  then physically forming the melt into fibers.

    NONCOMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS. Materials that, when tested in accordance with ASTM E 136, have at least three of four specimens tested meeting all of the following criteria:

    The recorded temperature of the surface and interior thermocouples shall not at any time during the test rise more than 54º F (30º C) above the furnace temperature at the beginning of the test.

    There shall not be flaming from the specimen after the first thirty seconds.

    If the weight loss of the specimen during testing exceeds fifty percent, the recorded temperature of the surface and the interior thermocouples shall not at any time during the test rise above the furnace air temperature at the beginning of the test, and there shall not be flaming of the specimen.

    PENETRATION FIRESTOP. A through-penetration firestop or a membrane- penetration firestop.

    SELF-CLOSING. As applied to a fire door or other opening protective, means equipped with a device that will ensure closing after having been opened.

    SHAFT. An enclosed space extending through one or more stories of a building, connecting vertical openings in successive floors, or floors and roof.

    SHAFT ENCLOSURE. The walls or construction forming the boundaries of a shaft.

    SMOKE BARRIER. A continuous membrane, either vertical or horizontal, such as a wall, floor or ceiling assembly, that is designed and constructed to restrict the movement of smoke.

    SMOKE COMPARTMENT. A space within a building enclosed by smoke barriers on all sides, including the top and bottom.

    SMOKE DAMPER. A listed device installed in ducts and air transfer openings designed to resist the passage of smoke. The device is installed to operate automatically, controlled by a smoke detection system, and where required, is capable of being positioned from a fire command center.

    SPLICE. The result of a factory and/or field method of joining or connecting two or more lengths of a fire-resistant joint system into a continuous entity.

    T RATING. The time period that the penetration firestop system, including the penetrating item, limits the maximum temperature rise to 325°F (163°C) above its initial temperature through the penetration on the nonfire side when tested in accordance with ASTM E 814 or UL 1479.

    THROUGH  PENETRATION.  An  opening  that  passes  through  an  entire assembly.

    THROUGH-PENETRATION FIRESTOP SYSTEM. An assemblage of  specific materials or products that are designed, tested and fire-resistance rated to  resist for a prescribed period of time the spread of fire through penetrations. The F  and T rating criteria for penetration firestop systems shall be in accordance with  ASTM E 814 or UL 1479. See definitions of "F rating" and "T rating."

    SECTION 703

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS AND FIRE TESTS

    703.1Scope. Materials prescribed herein for fire resistance shall conform to the requirements of this chapter.

    703.2Fire-resistance ratings. The fire-resistance rating of building elements, components or assemblies shall be determined in accordance with the test procedures set forth in ASTM E 119 or UL 263 or in accordance with Section 703.3. Where materials, systems or devices that have not been tested as part of a fire-resistance-rated assembly are  incorporated into the building element, component or assembly, sufficient data shall be made available to the building official to show that the required fire-resistance rating is not reduced. Materials and methods of construction used to protect joints and penetrations in fire- resistance-rated building elements, components or assemblies shall not reduce the required fire-resistance rating.

    Exception: In determining the fire-resistance rating of exterior bearing walls, compliance with the ASTM E 119 or UL 263 criteria for unexposed surface temperature rise and ignition of cotton waste due to passage of flame or gases  is required only for a period of time corresponding to the required fire- resistance rating of an exterior nonbearing wall with the same fire separation distance, and in a building of the same group. When the fire-resistance rating determined in accordance with this exception exceeds the  fire-resistance rating determined  in  accordance with ASTM E  119 or  UL  263,  the fire exposure time period, water pressure and application duration criteria for the  hose stream test of ASTM E 119 or UL 263 shall be based upon the fire- resistance rating determined in accordance with this exception.

    703.2.1Nonsymmetrical wall construction. Interior walls and partitions of  nonsymmetrical construction shall be tested with both faces exposed to the furnace, and the assigned fire-resistance rating shall be the shortest duration obtained from the two tests conducted in compliance with ASTM E 119 or UL 263. When evidence is furnished to show that the wall was tested with the least fire-resistant side exposed to the furnace, subject to acceptance of the building official, the wall need not be subjected to tests from the opposite side (see Section 705.5 for exterior walls).

    703.2.2Combustible components. Combustible aggregates are permitted in gypsum and portland cement concrete mixtures for fire-resistance-rated construction. Any component material or admixture is permitted in assemblies  if the resulting tested assembly meets the fire-resistance test requirements of  this code.

    703.2.3Restrained classification. Fire-resistance-rated assemblies tested under ASTM E 119 or UL 263 shall not be considered to be restrained unless evidence satisfactory to the building official is furnished by the registered

    design professional showing that the construction qualifies for a restrained classification in accordance with ASTM E 119 or UL 263. Restrained construction shall be identified on the plans.

    703.3Alternative methods for determining fire resistance. The application of  any of the alternative methods listed in this section shall be based on the fire exposure and acceptance criteria specified in ASTM E 119 or UL 263. The required fire resistance of a building element, component or assembly shall be permitted to be established by any of the following methods or procedures:

    1        Fire-resistance designs documented in referenced publications approved in accordance with this code.

    2        Prescriptive        designs     of     fire-resistance-rated          building      elements, components or assemblies as prescribed in Section 720.

    3        Calculations in accordance with Section 721.

    4        Engineering analysis based on a comparison of building element, component or assemblies  designs having fire-resistance ratings as  determined by the test procedures set forth in ASTM E 119 or UL 263.

    5        Alternative protection methods as allowed by Section 106.5.

    703.4Noncombustibility tests. The tests indicated in Sections 703.4.1 and  703.4.2 shall serve as criteria for acceptance of building materials as set forth in Sections 602.2, 602.3 and 602.4 in Type I, II, III and IV construction. The term "noncombustible" does not apply to the flame spread characteristics of interior finish or trim materials. A material shall not be classified as a noncombustible building construction material if it is subject to an increase in combustibility or  flame spread beyond the limitations herein established through the effects of age, moisture or other atmospheric conditions.

    703.4.1Elementary materials. Materials required to be noncombustible shall be tested in accordance with ASTM E 136.

    703.4.2Composite materials. Materials having a structural base of  noncombustible material as determined in accordance with Section 703.4.1  with a surfacing not more than 0.125 inch (3.18 mm) thick that has a flame spread index not greater than 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723 shall be acceptable as noncombustible materials.

    703.5Fire-resistance-rated glazing. Fire-resistance-rated glazing, when tested in accordance with ASTM E 119 or UL 263 and complying with the requirements of  Section 707, shall be permitted. Fire-resistance-rated glazing shall bear a label or  other identification showing the name of the manufacturer, the test standard and the identifier "W-XXX," where the "XXX" is the fire-resistance rating in minutes. Such label or identification shall be issued by an approved agency and shall be permanently affixed to the glazing.

    703.6Deleted.

    SECTION 704

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

    704.1Requirements. The fire-resistance ratings of structural members and assemblies shall comply with this section and the requirements for the type of  construction as specified in Table 601. The fire-resistance ratings shall not be less  than the ratings required for the fire-resistance-rated assemblies supported by the structural members.

    Exception: Fire barriers, fire partitions, smoke barriers and horizontal assemblies as provided in Sections 707.5, 709.4, 710.4 and 712.4,  respectively.

    704.2Column protection.  Where  columns are  required to  be  fire-resistance rated, the entire column shall be provided individual encasement protection by  protecting it on all sides for the full column length, including connections to other  structural members, with materials having the required fire-resistance rating. Where the column extends through a ceiling, the encasement protection shall be continuous from the top of the foundation or floor/ceiling assembly below through the ceiling space to the top of the column.

    704.3Protection of the primary structural frame other than columns. Members of the primary structural frame other than columns that are required to have a fire-resistance rating and support more than two floors or one floor and  roof, or support a load-bearing wall or a nonload-bearing wall more than two  stories high, shall be provided individual encasement protection by protecting them on all sides for their full length, including connections to other structural members, with materials having the required fire-resistance rating.

    Exception: Individual encasement protection on all sides shall be permitted  on all exposed sides provided the extent of protection is in accordance with the required fire-resistance rating, as determined in Section 703.

    704.4Protection of secondary members. Secondary members that are required to have a fire-resistance rating shall be protected by individual encasement protection, by the membrane or ceiling of a horizontal assembly in accordance with Section 712, or by a combination of both.

    704.4.1Light-frame construction. King studs and boundary elements that are integral elements in load-bearing walls of light-frame construction shall be permitted to have required fire-resistance ratings provided by the membrane protection provided for the load-bearing wall.

    704.5Truss protection. The required thickness and construction of fire-  resistance-rated assemblies enclosing trusses shall be based on the results of full- scale tests or combinations of tests on truss components or on approved calculations based on such tests that satisfactorily demonstrate that the assembly  has the required fire resistance.

    704.6Attachments to structural members. The edges of lugs, brackets, rivets and bolt heads attached to structural members shall be permitted to extend to within 1 inch (25 mm) of the surface of the fire protection.

    704.7Reinforcing. Thickness of protection for concrete or masonry  reinforcement shall be measured to the outside of the reinforcement except that stirrups and spiral reinforcement ties are permitted to project not more than 0.5-  inch (12.7 mm) into the protection.

    704.8Embedments and enclosures. Pipes, wires, conduits, ducts or other service facilities shall not be embedded in the required fire protective covering of a structural member that is required to be individually encased.

    704.9Impact protection. Where the fire protective  covering of a structural member is subject to impact damage from moving vehicles, the handling of  merchandise or other activity, the fire protective covering shall be protected by  corner guards or by a substantial jacket of metal or other noncombustible material to a height adequate to provide full protection, but not less than 5 feet (1524 mm)  from the finished floor.

    Exception: Corner protection is not required on concrete columns in open or  enclosed parking garages.

    704.10Exterior structural members. Load-bearing structural members located within the exterior walls or on the outside of a building or structure shall be provided with the highest fire-resistance rating as determined in accordance with the following:

    1        As required by Table 601 for the type of building element based on the   type of construction of the building;

    2        As required by Table 601 for exterior bearing walls based on the type of   construction; and

    3        As required by Table 602 for exterior walls based on the fire separation   distance.

    704.11Bottom flange protection. Fire protection is not required at the bottom flange of lintels, shelf angles and plates, spanning not more than 6 feet (1829 mm) whether part of the primary structural frame or not, and from the bottom flange of  lintels, shelf angles and plates not part of the primary structural frame, regardless of span.

    704.12Seismic isolation systems. Fire-resistance ratings for the isolation system shall meet the fire-resistance rating required for the columns, walls or other structural elements in which the isolation system is installed in accordance with Table 601. Isolation systems required to have a fire-resistance rating shall be protected with approved materials or construction assemblies designed to provide the same degree of fire resistance as the structural element in which it is installed  when tested in accordance with ASTM E 119 or UL 263 (see Section 703.2).

    Such isolation system protection applied to isolator units shall be capable of  retarding the transfer of heat to the isolator unit in such a manner that the required gravity load-carrying capacity of the isolator unit will not be impaired after exposure to the standard time-temperature curve fire test prescribed in ASTM E  119 or UL 263 for a duration not less than that required for the fire-resistance rating of the structure element in which it is installed.

    Such isolation system protection applied to isolator units shall be suitably  designed and securely installed so as not to dislodge, loosen, sustain damage or  otherwise impair its ability to accommodate the seismic movements for which the isolator unit is designed and to maintain its integrity for the purpose of providing the required fire-resistance protection.

    704.13Sprayed   fire-resistant   materials   (SFRM).   Sprayed   fire-resistant materials (SFRM) shall comply with Sections 704.13.1 through 704.13.5.

    704.13.1Fire-resistance rating. The application of SFRM shall be consistent with the fire-resistance rating and the listing, including, but not limited to, minimum thickness and dry density of the applied SFRM, method of  application, substrate surface conditions and the use of bonding adhesives, sealants, reinforcing or other materials.

    704.13.2Manufacturer's installation instructions. The application of SFRM shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. The instructions shall include, but are not limited to, substrate temperatures and surface conditions and SFRM handling, storage, mixing, conveyance, method of application, curing and ventilation.

    704.13.3Substrate condition. The SFRM shall be applied to a substrate in compliance with Sections 704.13.3.1 through 704.13.3.2.

    704.13.3.1 Surface conditions. Substrates to receive SFRM shall be free  of dirt, oil, grease, release agents, loose scale and any other condition that prevents adhesion. The substrates shall also be free of primers, paints and encapsulants other than those fire tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing agency. Primed, painted or encapsulated steel shall be allowed, provided that testing has demonstrated that required adhesion is maintained.

    704.13.3.2 Primers, paints and encapsulants. Where the SFRM is to be applied over primers, paints or encapsulants other than those specified in the listing, the material shall be field tested in accordance with ASTM E  736. Where testing of the SFRM with primers, paints or encapsulants demonstrates that required adhesion is maintained, SFRM shall be permitted to be applied to primed, painted or encapsulated wide flange steel shapes in accordance with the following conditions:

    1.      The beam flange width does not exceed 12 inches (305 mm); or

    2.      The column flange width does not exceed 16 inches (400 mm); or

    3.      The beam or column web depth does not exceed 16 inches (400 mm).

    4.      The average and minimum bond strength values shall be determined based on a minimum of five bond tests conducted in accordance with  ASTM E 736. Bond tests conducted in accordance with ASTM E 736  shall indicate a minimum average bond strength of 80 percent and a minimum individual bond strength of 50 percent, when compared to the bond strength of the SFRM as applied to clean uncoated 1/8-inch-  thick (3-mm) steel plate.

    704.13.4Temperature. A minimum ambient and substrate temperature of 40ºF (4.44ºC) shall be maintained during and for a minimum of 24 hours after the application of the SFRM, unless the manufacturer's installation instructions allow otherwise.

    704.13.5Finished condition. The finished condition of SFRM applied to structural members or assemblies shall not, upon complete drying or curing, exhibit cracks, voids, spalls, delamination or any exposure of the substrate. Surface irregularities of SFRM shall be deemed acceptable.

    SECTION 705 EXTERIOR WALLS

    705.1General. Exterior walls shall comply with this section.

    705.2Projections. Cornices, eave overhangs, exterior balconies and similar projections extending beyond the exterior wall shall conform to the requirements  of this section and Section 1406. Exterior egress balconies and exterior exit stairways shall also comply with Sections 1019 and 1026, respectively. Projections shall not extend beyond the distance determined by the following three methods, whichever results in the lesser projection:

    1        A point one-third the distance from the exterior face of the wall to the lot line where protected openings or a combination of protected and unprotected openings are required in the exterior wall.

    2        A point one-half the distance from the exterior face of the wall to the lot line where all openings in the exterior wall are permitted to be unprotected  or the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed under the provisions of Section 705.8.2.

    3        More than 12 inches (305 mm) into areas where openings are prohibited.

    Buildings  on  the  same  lot  and  considered  as  portions  of  one  building  in accordance with Section 705.3 are not required to comply with this section.

    705.2.1Type I and II construction. Projections from walls of Type I or II  construction shall be of noncombustible materials or combustible materials as  allowed by Sections 1406.3 and 1406.4.

    705.2.2Type III, IV or V construction. Projections from walls of Type III, IV or V construction shall be of any approved material.

    705.2.3Combustible projections. Combustible projections located where openings are not permitted or where protection of openings is required shall be of at least 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction, Type IV construction, fire-retardant-treated wood or as required by Section 1406.3.

    Exception: Type V construction shall be allowed for R-3 occupancies.

    705.3Buildings on the same lot. For the purposes of determining the required wall and opening protection and roof-covering requirements, buildings on the same lot shall be assumed to have an imaginary line between them.

    Where a new building is to be erected on the same lot as an existing building, the location of the assumed imaginary line with relation to the existing building shall be such that the exterior wall and opening protection of the existing building meet the criteria as set forth in Sections 705.5 and 705.8.

    Exception: Two or more buildings on the same lot shall either be regulated as  separate buildings or shall be considered as portions of one building if the aggregate area of such buildings is within the limits specified in Chapter 5 for  a single building. Where the buildings contain different occupancy groups or  are of different types of construction, the area shall be that allowed for the most restrictive occupancy or construction.

    705.4Materials. Exterior walls shall be of materials permitted by the building type of construction.

    705.5Fire-resistance ratings. Exterior walls shall be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Tables 601 and 602 and this section. The required fire-resistance rating of exterior walls with a fire separation distance of greater than 10 feet  (3048 mm) shall be rated for exposure to fire from the inside. The required fire-  resistance rating of exterior walls with a fire separation distance of less than or

    equal to 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be rated for exposure to fire from both sides.  Where referenced in section 705, an unoccupied space on an adjoining property may be included in the required fire separation distance, provided that the adjoining property is dedicated or deeded so as to preclude, for the life of the structure, the erection of any building or structure on such space (see section 3781.02 of the Revised Code).

    705.6Structural stability. The wall shall extend to the height  required  by  Section 705.11 and shall have sufficient structural stability such that it will remain in place for the duration of time indicated by the required fire-resistance rating.

    705.7Unexposed surface temperature. Where protected openings are not limited by Section 705.8, the limitation on the rise of temperature on the unexposed surface of exterior walls as required by ASTM E 119 or UL 263 shall not apply. Where protected openings are limited by Section 705.8, the limitation  on the rise of temperature on the unexposed surface of exterior walls as required  by ASTM E 119 or UL 263 shall not apply provided that a correction is made for  radiation from the unexposed exterior wall surface in accordance with the following formula:

    Ae = A +(Af x Feo)                                (Equation 7-1)

    where:

    Ae  Equivalent area of protected openings.

    A =    Actual area of protected openings.

    Af = Area of exterior wall surface in the story under consideration exclusive of  openings, on which the temperature limitations of ASTM E 119 or UL 263 for walls are exceeded.

    Feo = An "equivalent opening factor" derived from Figure 705.7 based on the average temperature of the unexposed wall surface and the fire-resistance rating of the wall.

    705.8Openings. Openings in exterior walls shall comply with Sections 705.8.1  through 705.8.6.

    705.8.1Allowable area of openings. The maximum area of unprotected and protected openings permitted in an exterior wall in any story of a building shall not exceed the percentages specified in Table 705.8.

    Exceptions:

    1.In other than Group H occupancies, unlimited unprotected   openings are permitted in the first story above grade either:

    1.1.Where the wall faces a street and has a fire separation  distance of more than 15 feet (4572 mm); or

    1.2 Where the wall faces an unoccupied space. The unoccupied space shall be on the same lot or dedicated for public use,  shall not be less than 30 feet (9144 mm) in width and shall have access from a street by a posted fire lane in accordance with the fire code.

    2.      Buildings whose exterior bearing walls, exterior nonbearing walls and exterior primary structural frame are not required to be fire-  resistance rated shall be permitted to have unlimited unprotected openings.

    705.8.2Protected openings. Where openings are required to be protected,   fire doors and fire shutters shall comply with Section 715.4 and fire window   assemblies shall comply with Section 715.5.

    Exception: Opening protectives are not required where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and the exterior openings are protected by a water curtain using automatic sprinklers approved for that use.

    705.8.3Unprotected openings. Where unprotected openings are permitted,  windows and doors shall be constructed of any approved materials. Glazing shall conform to the requirements of Chapters 24 and 26.

    For SI: °C = [(°F) - 32] / 1.8.

    TABLE 705.8

     

    FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE (feet)

     

    DEGREE OF OPENING PROTECTION

     

    ALLOWABLE AREAa

     

    0 to less than 3b, c

    Unprotected, Nonsprinklered (UP, NS)

    Not Permitted

    Unprotected, Sprinklered (UP, S)i

    Not Permitted

    Protected (P)

    Not Permitted

     

    3 to less than 5d, e

    Unprotected, Nonsprinklered (UP, NS)

    Not Permitted

    Unprotected, Sprinklered (UP, S)i

    15%

    Protected (P)

    15%

     

    5 to less than 10e, f

    Unprotected, Nonsprinklered (UP, NS)

    10%h

    Unprotected, Sprinklered (UP, S)i

    25%

    Protected (P)

    25%

     

     

    10 to less than 15e, f, g

    Unprotected, Nonsprinklered (UP, NS)

    15%h

    Unprotected, Sprinklered (UP, S)i

    45%

     

     
    MAXIMUM AREA OF EXTERIOR WALL OPENINGS BASED ON FIRE  SEPARATION DISTANCE AND DEGREE OF OPENING PROTECTION

                                                                                                       

                                                                                                       

                                                                                                     

                                                                                                

     

    Protected (P)

    45%

     

    15 to less than 20f, g

    Unprotected, Nonsprinklered (UP, NS)

    25%

    Unprotected, Sprinklered (UP, S)i

    75%

    Protected (P)

    75%

     

    20 to less than 25f, g

    Unprotected, Nonsprinklered (UP, NS)

    45%

    Unprotected, Sprinklered (UP, S)i

    No Limit

    Protected (P)

    No Limit

     

    25 to less than 30f, g

    Unprotected, Nonsprinklered (UP, NS)

    70%

    Unprotected, Sprinklered (UP, S)i

    No Limit

    Protected (P)

    No Limit

     

    30 or greater

    Unprotected, Nonsprinklered (UP, NS)

    No Limit

    Unprotected, Sprinklered (UP, S)i

    Not Required

    Protected (P)

    Not Required

    For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

    UP, NS = Unprotected openings in buildings not equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    UP, S = Unprotected openings in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    P = Openings protected with an opening protective assembly in accordance with Section 705.8.2. a. Values indicated are the percentage of the area of the exterior wall, per story.

    b. For the requirements for fire walls of buildings with differing heights, see Section 706.6.1.  c. For openings in a fire wall for buildings on the same lot, see Section 706.8.

    d.The maximum percentage of unprotected and protected openings shall be 25 percent for Group R-3 occupancies.

    e. Unprotected openings shall not be permitted for openings with a fire separation distance of less than 15 feet for Group H-2 and H-3 occupancies.

    f.The area of unprotected and protected openings shall not be limited for Group R-3 occupancies, with a fire separation distance of 5 feet or greater.

    g. The area of openings in an open parking structure with a fire separation distance of 10 feet or greater shall not be limited.

    h.Includes buildings accessory to Group R-3.

    i. Not applicable to Group H-1, H-2 and H-3 occupancies.

    705.8.4Mixed openings. Where both unprotected and protected openings are located in the exterior wall in any story  of a  building, the  total area  of  openings shall be determined in accordance with the following:

    (Ap/ap) + (Au/au) ? 1                                                       (Equation 7-2)

    where:

    Ap  =         Actual area of protected openings, or the equivalent

    area of protected openings, Ae (see Section 705.7). ap    =                  Allowable area of protected openings.

    Au  =         Actual area of unprotected openings.

    au    =         Allowable area of unprotected openings.

    705.8.5Vertical separation of openings. Openings in exterior walls in adjacent stories shall be separated vertically to protect against fire spread on  the exterior of the buildings where the openings are within 5 feet (1524 mm)  of each other horizontally and the opening in the lower story is not a protected opening with a fire protection rating of not less than ¾ hour. Such openings shall be separated vertically at least 3 feet (914 mm) by spandrel girders, exterior walls or other similar assemblies that have a fire-resistance rating of  at least 1 hour or by flame barriers that extend horizontally at least 30 inches  (762 mm) beyond the exterior wall. Flame barriers shall also have a fire- resistance rating of at least 1 hour. The unexposed surface temperature limitations specified in ASTM E 119 or UL 263 shall not apply to the flame barriers or vertical separation unless otherwise required by the provisions of  this code.

    Exceptions:

    1        This section shall not apply to buildings that are three stories or less above grade plane.

    2        This section shall not apply to buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with  Section  903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

    3        Open parking garages.

    705.8.6Vertical exposure. For buildings on the same lot, opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than ¾ hour shall be provided in every opening that is less than 15 feet (4572 mm) vertically above the roof of  an adjacent building or structure based on assuming an imaginary line between them. The opening protectives are required where the fire separation distance between the imaginary line and the adjacent building or structure is  less than 15 feet (4572 mm).

    Exceptions:

    1        Opening protectives are not required where the roof assembly of

    the adjacent building or structure has a fire-resistance rating of not  less than 1 hour for a minimum distance of 10 feet (3048 mm)  from the exterior wall facing the imaginary line and the entire length and span of the supporting elements for the fire-resistance- rated roof assembly has a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour.

    2        Buildings on the same lot and considered as portions of one building in accordance with .Section 705.3 are not required to comply with Section 705.8.6.

    705.9Joints. Joints made in or between exterior walls required by this section to have a fire-resistance rating shall comply with Section 714.

    Exception: Joints in exterior walls that are permitted to have unprotected openings.

    705.9.1Voids. The void created at the intersection of a floor/ceiling assembly and an exterior curtain wall assembly shall be protected in accordance with Section 714.4.

    705.10Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations by air ducts  and  air transfer openings in fire-resistance-rated exterior walls required to have protected openings shall comply with Section 716.

    Exception:  Foundation  vents  installed  in  accordance  with  this  code  are permitted.

    705.11Parapets. Parapets shall be provided on exterior walls of buildings.

    Exceptions: A parapet need not be provided on an exterior wall where any of  the following conditions exist:

    1        The wall is not required to be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Table 602 because of fire separation distance.

    2        The building has an area of not more than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) on  any floor.

    3        Walls that terminate at roofs of not less than 2-hour fire-resistance- rated construction or where the roof, including the deck or slab and

    supporting  construction,  is  constructed  entirely  of  noncombustible materials.

    4        One-hour  fire-resistance-rated  exterior  walls  that  terminate  at  the underside of the roof sheathing, deck or slab, provided:

    4.1.Where the roof/ceiling framing elements are parallel to the walls,  such framing and elements supporting such framing shall not be  of less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction for a width  of 4 feet (1220 mm) for Groups R and U and 10 feet (3048 mm)  for other occupancies, measured from the interior side of the wall.

    4.2.Where roof/ceiling framing elements are not parallel to the wall, the entire span of such framing and elements supporting such  framing shall not be of less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction.

    4.3.Openings in the roof shall not be located within 5 feet (1524  mm) of the 1-hour fire-resistance-rated exterior wall for Groups  R and U and 10 feet (3048 mm) for other occupancies, measured  from the interior side of the wall.

    4.4.The entire building shall be provided with not less than a Class B roof covering.

    5.In Groups R-2 and R-3 where the entire building is provided with a Class C roof covering, the exterior wall shall be permitted to terminate at the underside of the roof sheathing or deck in Type III, IV and V  construction, provided:

    5.1.The roof sheathing or deck is constructed of approved noncombustible materials or of fire-retardant-treated wood for a distance of 4 feet (1220 mm); or

    5.2.      The roof is protected with 0.625-inch (16 mm) Type X gypsum board directly beneath the underside of the roof sheathing or  deck, supported by a minimum of nominal 2-inch (51 mm) ledgers attached to the sides of the roof framing members for a minimum distance of 4 feet (1220 mm).

    6    Where the wall is permitted to have at least 25 percent of the exterior wall areas containing unprotected openings based on fire separation

    distance as determined in accordance with Section 705.8.

    705.11.1Parapet construction. Parapets shall have the same fire-resistance rating as that required for the supporting wall, and on any side adjacent to a  roof surface, shall have noncombustible faces for the uppermost 18 inches  (457 mm), including counterflashing and coping materials. The height of the parapet shall not be less than 30 inches (762 mm) above the point where the  roof surface and the wall intersect. Where the roof slopes toward a parapet at a slope greater than two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (16.7-percent slope), the parapet shall extend to the same height as any portion of the roof  within a fire separation distance where protection of wall openings is required, but in no case shall the height be less than 30 inches (762 mm).

    SECTION 706 FIRE WALLS

    706.1General. Each portion of a building separated by one or more fire walls that comply with the provisions of this section shall be considered a separate building. The extent and location of such fire walls shall provide a complete separation. Where a fire wall also separates occupancies that are required to be separated by a fire barrier wall, the most restrictive requirements of each separation shall apply.

    706.1.1 Party walls. Any wall located on a lot line between adjacent buildings, which is used or adapted for joint service between the two  buildings, shall be constructed as a fire wall in accordance with Section 706.  Party walls shall be constructed without openings and shall create separate buildings.

    Exception: Openings in a party wall separating an anchor building and a mall shall be in accordance with Section 402.7.3.1.

    706.2Structural stability. Fire walls shall have sufficient structural stability under fire conditions to allow collapse of construction on either side without collapse of the wall for the duration of time  indicated by the required fire- resistance rating.

    706.3Materials. Fire walls shall be of any approved noncombustible materials.

    Exception: Buildings of Type V construction.

    706.4Fire-resistance rating. Fire walls shall have a fire-resistance rating of not  less than that required by Table 706.4.

    TABLE 706.4

    GROUP

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

    A, B, E, H-4, I, R-1, R-2, U

    3a

    F-1, H-3b, H-5, M, S-1

    3

    H-1, H-2

    4b

    F-2, S-2, R-3, R-4

    2

     

     
    FIRE WALL FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS

    a.In Type II or V construction, walls shall be permitted to have a 2-hour  fire-resistance rating.

    b.For Group H-1, H-2 or H-3 buildings, also see Sections 415.4 and 415.5.

    706.5Horizontal continuity. Fire walls shall be continuous from exterior wall to   exterior wall and shall extend at least 18 inches (457 mm) beyond the exterior surface of exterior walls.

    Exceptions:

    1        Fire walls shall be permitted to terminate at the interior surface of

    combustible exterior sheathing or siding provided the exterior wall has  a fire-resistance rating of at least 1 hour for a horizontal distance of at least 4 feet (1220 mm) on both sides of the fire wall. Openings within  such exterior walls shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than ¾ hour.

    2        Fire walls shall be permitted to terminate at the interior surface of  noncombustible exterior sheathing, exterior siding or other noncombustible exterior finishes provided the sheathing, siding, or  other exterior noncombustible finish extends a horizontal distance of at least 4 feet (1220 mm) on both sides of the fire wall.

    3        Fire walls shall be permitted to terminate at the interior surface of  noncombustible exterior sheathing where the building on each side of  the fire wall is protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

    706.5.1Exterior walls. Where the fire wall intersects exterior walls, the fire-  resistance rating and opening protection of the exterior walls shall comply with one of the following:

    1.The exterior walls on both sides of the fire wall shall have a 1-hour fire-resistance rating with ¾ -hour protection where opening protection is required by Section 705.8. The fire-resistance rating of the exterior wall shall extend a minimum of 4 feet (1220 mm) on each side of the intersection of the fire wall to exterior wall. Exterior wall intersections at fire walls that form an angle equal to or greater than 180 degrees  (3.14 rad) do not need exterior wall protection.

    2.Buildings or spaces on both sides of the intersecting fire wall shall  assume to have an imaginary lot line at the fire wall and extending beyond the exterior of the fire wall. The location of the assumed line in relation to the exterior walls and the fire wall shall be such that the exterior wall and opening protection meet the requirements set forth in Sections 705.5 and 705.8. Such protection is not required for exterior walls terminating at fire walls that form an angle equal to or greater than 180 degrees (3.14 rad).

    706.5.2Horizontal projecting elements. Fire walls shall extend to the outer edge of horizontal projecting elements such as balconies, roof overhangs, canopies, marquees and similar projections that are within 4 feet (1220 mm)  of the fire wall.

    Exceptions:

    1.      Horizontal projecting elements without concealed spaces, provided the exterior wall behind and below the projecting element has not  less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction for a distance not  less than the depth of the projecting element on both sides of the  fire wall. Openings within such exterior walls shall be protected by  opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than

    ¾ hour.

    2.      Noncombustible horizontal projecting elements with concealed spaces, provided a minimum 1-hour fire-resistance-rated wall extends through the concealed space. The projecting element shall be separated from the building by a minimum of 1-hour fire- resistance-rated construction for a distance on each side of the fire wall equal to the depth of the projecting element. The wall is not required to extend under the projecting element where the building exterior wall is not less than 1-hour fire-resistance rated for a

    distance on each side of the fire wall equal to the depth of the projecting element. Openings within such exterior walls shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire protection rating of  not less than ¾ hour.

    3.      For combustible horizontal projecting elements with concealed spaces, the fire wall need only extend through the concealed space to the outer edges of the projecting elements. The exterior wall behind and below the projecting element shall be of not less than  1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction for a distance not less than the depth of the projecting elements on both sides of the fire wall.  Openings within such exterior walls shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire-protection rating of not less than ¾ hour.

    706.6Vertical continuity.  Fire  walls  shall  extend  from  the  foundation  to  a termination point at least 30 inches (762 mm) above both adjacent roofs.

    Exceptions:

    1.Stepped buildings in accordance with Section 706.6.1.

    2.Two-hour fire-resistance-rated walls shall be permitted to terminate at the underside of the roof sheathing, deck or slab, provided:

    2.1.The lower roof assembly within 4 feet (1220 mm) of the wall has  not less than a 1-hour fire-resistance rating and the entire length and span of supporting elements for the rated roof assembly has a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour.

    2.2.Openings in the roof shall not be located within 4 feet (1220  mm) of the fire wall.

    2.3.Each building shall be provided with not less than a Class B roof covering.

    3.Walls shall be permitted to terminate at the underside of  noncombustible roof sheathing, deck or slabs where both buildings are provided with not less than a Class B roof covering. Openings in the  roof shall not be located within 4 feet (1220 mm) of the fire wall.

    4.In buildings of Type III, IV and V construction, walls shall be permitted to terminate at the underside of combustible roof sheathing or decks, provided:

    4.1.There are no openings in the roof within 4 feet (1220 mm) of the  fire wall,

    4.2.The roof is covered with a minimum Class B roof covering, and

    4.3.The roof sheathing or deck is constructed of fire-retardant-treated  wood for a distance of 4 feet (1220 mm) on both sides of the wall or the roof is protected with 5/8-inch (15.9 mm) Type X gypsum board directly beneath the underside of the roof sheathing or  deck, supported by a minimum of 2-inch (51 mm) nominal ledgers attached to the sides of the roof framing members for a minimum distance of 4 feet (1220 mm) on both sides of the fire wall.

    5.In buildings designed in accordance with Section 509.2, fire walls located above the 3-hour horizontal assembly required by Section  509.2, Item 1 above shall be permitted to extend from the top of this horizontal assembly.

    706.6.1Stepped buildings. Where a fire wall serves as an exterior wall for a building and separates buildings having different roof levels, such wall shall terminate at a point not less than 30 inches (762 mm) above the lower roof  level, provided the exterior wall for a height of 15 feet (4572 mm) above the lower roof is not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction from both  sides with openings protected by fire assemblies having a fire protection rating of not less than ¾ hour.

    Exception: Where the fire wall terminates at the underside of the roof  sheathing, deck or slab of the lower roof, provided:

    1.The lower roof assembly within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the wall has   not less than a 1-hour fire-resistance rating and the entire length   and span of supporting elements for the rated roof assembly has a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour.

    2.Openings in the lower roof shall not be located within 10 feet  (3048 mm) of the fire wall.

    706.7Combustible framing in fire walls. Adjacent combustible members entering into a concrete or masonry fire wall from opposite sides shall not have  less than a 4-inch (102 mm) distance between embedded ends. Where combustible members frame into hollow walls or walls of hollow units, hollow spaces shall be solidly filled for the full thickness of the wall and for a distance not less than 4 inches (102 mm) above, below and between the structural members, with noncombustible materials approved for fireblocking.

    706.8Openings. Each opening through a fire wall shall be protected in accordance with Section 715.4 and shall not exceed 156 square feet (15 m2). The aggregate width of openings at any floor level shall not exceed 25 percent of the length of the wall.

    Exceptions:

    1        Openings are not permitted in party walls constructed in accordance with Section 706.1.1.

    2        Openings shall not be limited to 156 square feet (15 m2) where both buildings are equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    706.9Penetrations. Penetrations of fire walls shall comply with Section 713.

    706.10Joints. Joints made in or between fire walls shall comply with Section  714.

    706.11Ducts and air transfer openings. Ducts and air transfer openings shall not penetrate fire walls.

    Exception: Penetrations by ducts and air transfer openings of fire walls that are not on a lot line shall be allowed provided the penetrations comply with Section 716. The size and aggregate width of all openings shall not exceed the limitations of Section 706.8.

    SECTION 707 FIRE BARRIERS

    707.1General. Fire barriers installed as required elsewhere in this code or the fire code shall comply with this section.

    707.2Materials. Fire barriers shall be of materials permitted by the building type  of construction.

    707.3Fire-resistance  rating.  The  fire-resistance  rating  of  fire  barriers  shall comply with this section.

    707.3.1Shaft  enclosures.  The  fire-resistance  rating  of  the  fire  barrier separating building areas from a shaft shall comply with Section 708.4.

    707.3.2Exit  enclosures.  The  fire-resistance  rating  of  the  fire  barrier separating building areas from an exit shall comply with Section 1022.1.

    707.3.3Exit passageway. The fire-resistance rating of the fire barrier  separating building areas from an exit passageway shall comply with Section 1023.3.

    707.3.4Horizontal exit. The fire-resistance rating of the separation between building areas connected by a horizontal exit shall comply with Section  1025.1.

    707.3.5Atriums.  The  fire-resistance  rating  of  the  fire  barrier  separating atriums shall comply with Section 404.6.

    707.3.6Incidental accessory occupancies. The fire barrier separating incidental accessory occupancies from other spaces in the building shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than that indicated in Table 508.2.5.

    707.3.7Control areas. Fire barriers separating control areas shall have a fire- resistance rating of not less than that required in Section 414.2.4.

    707.3.8Separated occupancies. Where the provisions of Section 508.4 are applicable, the fire barrier separating mixed occupancies shall have a fire- resistance rating of not less than that indicated in Table 508.4 based on the occupancies being separated.

    707.3.9Fire areas. The fire barriers or horizontal assemblies, or both, separating a single occupancy into different fire areas shall have a fire- resistance rating of not less than that indicated in Table 707.3.9. The fire barriers or horizontal  assemblies, or  both, separating  fire  areas of  mixed

    occupancies shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than the highest value indicated in Table 707.3.9 for the occupancies under consideration.

    TABLE 707.3.9

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE BARRIER ASSEMBLIES OR HORIZONTAL ASSEMBLIES BETWEEN FIRE AREAS

    OCCUPANCY GROUP

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

    H-1, H-2

    4

    F-1, H-3, S-1

    3

    A, B, E, F-2, H-4, H-5, I, M,  R, S-2

    2

    U

    1

    707.4Exterior walls. Where exterior walls serve as a part of a required fire- resistance-rated shaft or exit enclosure, or separation, such walls shall comply with the requirements of Section 705 for exterior walls and the fire-resistance- rated enclosure or separation requirements shall not apply.

    Exception: Exterior walls required to be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Section 1019 for exterior egress balconies, Section 1022.6 for exit enclosures and Section 1026.6 for exterior exit ramps and stairways.

    707.5Continuity. Fire barriers shall extend from the top of the floor/ceiling assembly below to the underside of the floor or roof sheathing, slab or deck above and shall be securely attached thereto. Such fire barriers shall be continuous through concealed spaces, such as the space above a suspended ceiling.

    707.5.1Supporting construction. The supporting construction for a fire barrier shall be protected to afford the required fire-resistance rating of the fire barrier supported. Hollow vertical spaces within a fire barrier shall be fireblocked in accordance with Section 717.2 at every floor level.

    Exceptions:

    1        The maximum required fire-resistance rating for assemblies supporting fire barriers separating tank storage as provided for in Section 415.6.2.1 shall be 2 hours, but not less than required by  Table 601 for the building construction type.

    2        Shaft enclosures shall be permitted to terminate at a top enclosure  complying with Section 708.12.

    3        Supporting construction for 1-hour fire barriers required by Table  508.2.5 in buildings of Type IIB, IIIB and VB construction is not required to be fire-resistance rated unless required by other sections of this code.

    707.6Openings. Openings in a fire barrier shall be protected in accordance with Section 715. Openings shall be limited to a maximum aggregate width of 25  percent of the length of the wall, and the maximum area of any single opening shall not exceed 156 square feet (15 m2). Openings in exit enclosures and exit  passageways shall also comply with Sections 1022.3 and 1023.5, respectively.

    Exceptions:

    1        Openings shall not be limited to 156 square feet (15 m2) where adjoining floor areas are equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    2        Openings shall not be limited to 156 square feet (15 m2) or an  aggregate width of 25 percent of the length of the wall where the opening protective is a fire door serving an exit enclosure.

    3        Openings shall not be limited to 156 square feet (15 m2) or an  aggregate width of 25 percent of the length of the wall where the opening protective has been tested in accordance with ASTM E 119 or UL 263 and has a minimum fire-resistance rating not less than the fire-  resistance rating of the wall.

    4        Fire window assemblies permitted in atrium separation walls shall not be limited to a maximum aggregate width of 25 percent of the length  of the wall.

    5        Openings shall not be limited to 156 square feet (15 m2) or an  aggregate width of 25 percent of the length of the wall where the opening protective is a fire door assembly in a fire barrier separating an exit enclosure from an exit passageway in accordance with Section  1022.2.1.

    707.7Penetrations. Penetrations of fire barriers shall comply with Section 713.

    707.7.1Prohibited penetrations. Penetrations into an exit enclosure or an   exit passageway shall be allowed only when permitted by Section 1022.4 or  1023.6, respectively.

    707.8Joints. Joints made in or between fire barriers, and joints made at the   intersection of fire barriers with underside of the floor or roof sheathing, slab or   deck above, shall comply with Section 714.

    707.9Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations in a fire barrier by ducts  and air transfer openings shall comply with Section 716.

    SECTION 708 SHAFT ENCLOSURES

    708.1General. The provisions of this section shall apply to shafts required to protect openings and penetrations through floor/ceiling and roof/ceiling assemblies. Shaft enclosures shall be constructed as fire barriers in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies in accordance with Section 712, or  both.

    708.2Shaft enclosure required. Openings through a floor/ceiling assembly shall be protected by a shaft enclosure complying with this section.

    Exceptions:

    1        A  shaft  enclosure  is  not  required  for  openings  totally  within  an  individual residential dwelling unit and connecting four stories or less.

    2        A shaft enclosure is not required in a building equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section  903.3.1.1 for an escalator opening or stairway that is not a portion of  the means of egress protected according to Item 2.1 or 2.2.

    2.1.Where the area of the floor opening between stories does not exceed twice the horizontal projected area of the escalator or  stairway and the opening is protected by a draft curtain and closely spaced sprinklers in accordance with NFPA 13. In other than Groups B and M, this application is limited to openings that  do not connect more than four stories.

    2.2.Where the opening is protected by approved power-operated automatic shutters at every penetrated floor. The shutters shall be  of noncombustible construction and have a fire-resistance rating  of not less than 1.5 hours. The shutter shall be so constructed as  to close immediately upon the actuation of a smoke detector installed in accordance with Section 907.3 and shall completely shut off the well opening. Escalators shall cease operation when  the shutter begins to close. The shutter shall operate at a speed of  not more than 30 feet per minute (152.4 mm/s) and shall be equipped with a  sensitive leading edge  to arrest  its progress where in contact with any obstacle, and to continue its progress on release therefrom.

    3.      A shaft enclosure is not required for penetrations by pipe, tube, conduit, wire, cable and vents protected in accordance with Section  713.4.

    4.      A shaft enclosure is not required for penetrations by ducts protected in accordance with Section 716.6. Grease ducts shall be protected in accordance with the mechanical code.

    5.      In other than Group H occupancies, a shaft enclosure is not required  for floor openings complying with the provisions for atriums in Section 404.

    6.      A shaft enclosure is not required for approved masonry chimneys  where annular space is fireblocked at each floor level in accordance with Section 717.2.5.

    7.      In other than Groups I-2 and I-3, a shaft enclosure is not required for a floor opening or an air transfer opening that complies with the following:

    7.1.Does not connect more than two stories.

    7.2.Is not part of the required means of egress system.

    7.3.Is  not  concealed  within  the  construction  of  a  wall  or  a  floor/ceiling assembly.

    7.4.Is not open to a corridor in Group I and R occupancies.

    7.5.Is not open to a corridor on nonsprinklered floors in any occupancy.

    7.6.Is separated from floor openings and air transfer openings serving other floors by construction conforming to required shaft enclosures.

    7.7.Is limited to the same smoke compartment

    8.            A shaft enclosure is not required for automobile ramps in open and enclosed parking garages constructed in accordance with Sections 406.3 and 406.4, respectively.

    9.            A  shaft  enclosure  is  not  required  for  floor  openings  between  a mezzanine and the floor below.

    10.        A  shaft  enclosure  is  not  required  for  joints  protected  by  a  fire-  resistant joint system in accordance with Section 714.

    11.        A shaft enclosure shall not be required for floor openings created by  unenclosed stairs or ramps in accordance with Exception 3 or 4 in Section 1016.1.

    12.        Floor openings protected by floor fire doors in accordance with Section 712.8.

    13.        In Group I-3 occupancies, a shaft enclosure is not required for floor openings in accordance with Section 408.5.

    14.        A shaft enclosure is not required for elevator hoistways in open or enclosed parking garages that serve only the parking garage.

    15.        In open or enclosed parking garages a shaft enclosure is not required to enclose mechanical exhaust or supply duct systems when such  duct system is contained within and serves only the parking garage.

    16.Where permitted by other sections of this code.

    708.3Materials. The shaft  enclosure shall  be  of materials permitted by the building type of construction.

    708.4Fire-resistance rating. Shaft enclosures shall have a fire-resistance rating  of not less than 2 hours where connecting four stories or more, and not less than 1 hour where connecting less than four stories. The number of stories connected by  the shaft enclosure shall include any basements but not any mezzanines. Shaft enclosures shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than the floor assembly  penetrated, but need not exceed 2 hours. Shaft enclosures shall meet the requirements of Section 703.2.1.

    708.5Continuity. Shaft enclosures shall be constructed as fire barriers in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 712, or both, and shall have continuity in accordance with Section  707.5 for fire barriers or Section 712.4 for horizontal assemblies as applicable.

    708.6Exterior walls. Where exterior walls serve as a part of a required shaft enclosure, such walls shall comply with the requirements of Section 705 for  exterior walls and the fire-resistance-rated enclosure requirements shall not apply.

    Exception: Exterior walls required to be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Section 1019.2 for exterior egress balconies, Section 1022.6 for exit enclosures and Section 1026.6 for exterior exit ramps and stairways.

    708.7Openings. Openings in a shaft enclosure shall be protected in accordance with Section 715 as required for fire barriers. Doors shall be self-or automatic- closing by smoke detection in accordance with Section 715.4.8.3.

    708.7.1Prohibited openings. Openings other than those necessary for the purpose of the shaft shall not be permitted in shaft enclosures.

    708.8Penetrations.  Penetrations  in  a  shaft  enclosure  shall  be  protected  in accordance with Section 713 as required for fire barriers.

    708.8.1Prohibited penetrations. Penetrations other than those necessary for  the purpose of the shaft shall not be permitted in shaft enclosures.

    708.9Joints. Joints in a shaft enclosure shall comply with Section 714.

    708.10Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations of a shaft enclosure by  ducts and air transfer openings shall comply with Section 716.

    708.11Enclosure at the bottom. Shafts that do not extend to the bottom of the building or structure shall comply with one of the following:

    1.      They shall be enclosed at the lowest level with construction of the same  fire-resistance rating as the lowest floor through which the shaft passes,  but not less than the rating required for the shaft enclosure.

    2.      They shall terminate in a room having a use related to the purpose of the  shaft. The room shall be separated from the remainder of the building by  fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 712, or both. The fire- resistance rating and opening protectives shall be at least equal to the protection required for the shaft enclosure.

    3.      They shall be protected by approved fire dampers installed in accordance with their listing at the lowest floor level within the shaft enclosure.

    Exceptions:

    1        The fire-resistance-rated room separation is not required, provided there are no openings in or penetrations of the shaft enclosure to the interior of the building except at the bottom. The bottom of the shaft shall be closed off around the penetrating items with materials permitted by Section 717.3.1 for draftstopping, or the room shall be provided with an approved automatic fire suppression system.

    2        A shaft enclosure containing a refuse chute or laundry chute shall not be used for any other purpose and shall terminate in a room protected in accordance with Section 708.13.4.

    3 The fire-resistance-rated room separation and the protection at the bottom of the shaft are not required provided there are no combustibles in the shaft and there are no openings or other penetrations through the shaft enclosure to the interior of the building.

    708.12Enclosure at the top. A shaft enclosure that does not extend to the underside of the roof sheathing, deck or slab of the building shall be enclosed at the top with construction of the same fire-resistance rating as the topmost floor  penetrated by the shaft, but not less than the fire-resistance rating required for the shaft enclosure.

    708.13Refuse and laundry chutes. Refuse and laundry chutes, access and termination rooms and incinerator rooms shall meet the requirements of Sections  708.13.1 through 708.13.6.

    Exception: Chutes serving and contained within a single dwelling unit.

    708.13.1Refuse and laundry chute enclosures. A shaft enclosure containing a refuse or laundry chute shall not be used for any other purpose and shall be enclosed in accordance with Section 708.4. Openings into the shaft, including those from access rooms and termination rooms, shall be protected in accordance with this section and Section 715. Openings into chutes shall not be located in corridors. Doors shall be self-or automatic-closing upon the actuation of a smoke detector in accordance with Section 715.4.8.3, except that heat-activated closing devices shall be permitted between the shaft and the termination room.

    708.13.2Materials. A shaft enclosure containing a refuse or laundry chute shall be constructed of materials as permitted by the building type of  construction.

    708.13.3Refuse and laundry chute access rooms. Access openings  for  refuse and laundry chutes shall be located in rooms or compartments enclosed  by not less than 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section  707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 712, or  both. Openings into the access rooms shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than ¾ hour. Doors shall be self-or automatic-closing upon the detection of smoke in accordance with Section 715.4.8.3.

    708.13.4Termination room. Refuse and laundry chutes shall discharge into an enclosed room separated from the remainder of the building by not less  than 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or  horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 712, or both.  Openings into the termination room shall be protected by opening protectives having a fire protection rating of not less than ¾ hour. Doors shall be self-or automatic-closing upon the detection of smoke in accordance with Section  715.4.8.3. Refuse chutes shall not terminate in an incinerator room. Refuse and laundry rooms that are not provided with chutes need only comply with Table 508.2.5.

    708.13.5Incinerator  room.  Incinerator  rooms  shall  comply  with  Table  508.2.5.

    708.13.6Automatic  sprinkler  system.  An  approved  automatic  sprinkler system shall be installed in accordance with Section 903.2.11.2.

    708.14Elevator, dumbwaiter and other hoistways. Elevator, dumbwaiter and other hoistway enclosures shall be constructed in accordance with Section 708  and Chapter 30.

    708.14.1Elevator lobby. An enclosed elevator lobby shall be provided at each floor where an elevator shaft enclosure connects more than three stories. The lobby enclosure shall separate the elevator shaft enclosure doors from each floor by fire partitions. In addition to the requirements in Section 709 for  fire partitions, doors protecting openings in the elevator lobby enclosure walls shall also comply with Section 715.4.3 as required for corridor walls and penetrations of the elevator lobby enclosure by ducts and air transfer openings shall be protected as required for corridors in accordance with Section  716.5.4.1. Elevator lobbies shall have at least one means of egress complying with Chapter 10 and other provisions within this code.

    Exceptions:

    1        Enclosed  elevator  lobbies  are  not  required  at  the  street  floor,

    provided  the  entire  street  floor  is  equipped  with  an  automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    2        Elevators not required to be located in a shaft in accordance with Section 708.2 are not required to have enclosed elevator lobbies.

    3        Enclosed elevator lobbies are not required where additional doors  are provided at the hoistway opening in accordance with Section 3002.6. Such doors shall be tested in accordance with UL 1784  without an artificial bottom seal.

    4.Enclosed elevator lobbies are not required where the building is protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. This exception shall not apply to the following:

    4.1.Group I-2 occupancies;

    4.2.Group I-3 occupancies; and

    4.3.High-rise buildings.

    5.Smoke partitions shall be permitted in lieu of fire partitions to separate the elevator lobby at each floor where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. In addition to the requirements in Section 711 for smoke partitions, doors  protecting openings in the smoke partitions shall also comply with Sections 711.5.2, 711.5.3, and 715.4.8 and duct penetrations of the smoke partitions shall be protected as required for corridors in accordance with Section 716.5.4.1.

    6.Enclosed  elevator  lobbies  are  not  required  where  the  elevator hoistway is pressurized in accordance with Section 708.14.2.

    7.Enclosed elevator lobbies are not required where  the  elevator  serves only open parking garages in accordance with Section 406.3.

    708.14.1.1 Areas of refuge. Areas of refuge shall be provided as required in Section 1007.

    708.14.2Enclosed elevator lobby. Where elevator hoist-way pressurization is provided in lieu of required enclosed elevator lobbies, the pressurization system shall comply with this section.

    708.14.2.1Pressurization requirements. Elevator hoistways shall be pressurized to maintain a minimum positive pressure of 0.10 inches of  water (25 Pa) and a maximum positive pressure of 0.25 inches of water  (67 Pa) with respect to adjacent occupied space on all floors. This pressure  shall be measured at the midpoint of each hoistway door, with all elevator  cars at the floor of recall and all hoistway doors on the floor of recall open and all other hoistway doors closed. The opening and closing of hoistway doors at each level must be demonstrated during this test. The supply air intake shall be from an outside, uncontaminated source located a minimum distance of 20 feet (6096 mm) from any air exhaust system or  outlet.

    708.14.2.2Rational analysis. A rational analysis complying with Section  909.4 shall be submitted with the construction documents.

    708.14.2.3Ducts for system. Any duct system that is part of the pressurization system shall be protected with the same  fire-resistance rating as required for the elevator shaft enclosure.

    708.14.2.4Fan system. The fan system provided for the pressurization system shall be as required by this section.

    708.14.2.4.1Fire resistance. When located within the building, the fan system that provides the pressurization shall be protected with the same fire-resistance rating required for the elevator shaft enclosure.

    708.14.2.4.2Smoke detection. The fan system shall be equipped with a smoke detector that will automatically shut down the fan system  when smoke is detected within the system.

    708.14.2.4.3Separate systems. A separate fan system shall be used for each elevator hoistway.

    708.14.2.4.4Fan capacity. The supply fan shall either be adjustable with a capacity of at least 1,000 cfm (.4719 m3/s) per door, or that specified by a registered design professional to meet the requirements  of a designed pressurization system.

    708.14.2.5Standby power. The pressurization system shall be provided with standby power from the same source as other required emergency systems for the building.

    708.14.2.6Activation of pressurization system. The elevator  pressurization system shall be activated upon activation of the building fire alarm system or upon activation of the elevator lobby smoke detectors. Where both a building fire alarm system and elevator lobby smoke detectors are present, each shall be independently capable of  activating the pressurization system.

    708.14.2.7Special inspection. Special inspection for  performance shall be required in accordance with Section 909.18.8. System acceptance shall be in accordance with Section 909.19.

    708.14.2.8Marking   and   identification.   Detection   and   control systems shall be marked in accordance with Section 909.14.

    708.14.2.9Control diagrams. Control diagrams shall be provided in accordance with Section 909.15.

    708.14.2.10Control panel. A control panel complying with Section  909.16 shall be provided.

    708.14.2.11System response time. Hoistway pressurization systems  shall comply with the requirements for smoke control system response  time in Section 909.17.

    SECTION 709  FIRE PARTITIONS

    709.1General. The following wall assemblies shall comply with this section.

    1.Walls  separating  dwelling  units  in  the  same  building  as  required  by  Section 420.2.

    2.Walls  separating  sleeping  units  in  the  same  building  as  required  by  Section 420.2.

    3.Walls separating tenant spaces in covered mall buildings as required by  Section 402.7.2.

    4.Corridor walls as required by Section 1018.1.

    5.Elevator lobby separation as required by Section 708.14.1.

    709.2Materials. The walls shall be of materials permitted by the building type of  construction.

    709.3Fire-resistance rating. Fire partitions shall have a fire-resistance rating of  not less than 1 hour.

    Exceptions:

    1.Corridor walls permitted to have a ½ hour fire-resistance rating by  Table 1018.1.

    2.Dwelling unit and sleeping unit separations in buildings of Type IIB, IIIB and VB construction shall have fire-resistance ratings of not less  than ½ hour in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    709.4Continuity. Fire partitions shall extend from the top of the foundation or  floor/ceiling assembly below to the underside of the floor or roof sheathing, slab  or deck above or to the fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly above, and shall be securely attached thereto. If the partitions are not continuous to the sheathing, deck or slab, and where constructed of combustible construction, the space between the ceiling and the sheathing, deck or slab above shall be fireblocked or draftstopped in accordance with Sections 717.2 and 717.3 at the partition line. The supporting construction shall be protected to afford  the required fire-resistance rating of the wall supported, except for walls separating tenant spaces in covered mall buildings, walls separating dwelling units, walls separating sleeping units and corridor walls in buildings of Type IIB, IIIB and VB  construction.

    Exceptions:

    1        The wall need not be extended into the crawl space below where the floor

    above the crawl space has a minimum 1-hour fire-resistance rating.

    2        Where the room-side fire-resistance-rated membrane of the corridor is carried through to the underside of the floor or roof sheathing, deck or slab  of a fire-resistance-rated floor or roof above, the ceiling of the corridor shall be permitted to be protected by the use of ceiling materials as required  for a 1-hour fire-resistance-rated floor or roof system.

    3        Where the corridor ceiling is constructed as required for the corridor walls, the walls shall be permitted to terminate at the upper membrane of such ceiling assembly.

    4        The fire partitions separating tenant spaces in a covered mall building,  complying with Section 402.7.2, are not required to extend beyond the underside of a ceiling that is not part of a fire-resistance-rated assembly. A  wall is not required in attic or ceiling spaces above tenant separation walls.

    5        Fireblocking or draftstopping is not required at the partition line in Group R-2 buildings that do not exceed four stories above grade plane, provided

    the attic space is subdivided by draftstopping into areas not exceeding 3,000 square feet (279 m2) or above every two dwelling units, whichever is smaller.

    6        Fireblocking or draftstopping is not required at the partition line in buildings equipped with an automatic sprinkler system installed throughout in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, provided that automatic sprinklers are installed in combustible floor/ceiling and roof/ceiling spaces.

    709.5Exterior walls. Where exterior walls serve as a part of a required fire- resistance-rated separation, such walls shall comply with the requirements of  Section 705 for exterior walls, and the fire-resistance-rated separation requirements shall not apply.

    Exception: Exterior walls required to be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Section 1019.2 for exterior egress balconies, Section 1022.6 for exit enclosures and Section 1026.6 for exterior exit ramps and stairways.

    709.6Openings. Openings in a fire partition shall be protected in accordance with Section 715.

    709.7Penetrations. Penetrations of fire partitions shall comply with Section 713.

    709.8Joints. Joints made in or between fire partitions shall comply with Section  714.

    709.9Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations in a fire partition by ducts and air transfer openings shall comply with Section 716.

    SECTION 710 SMOKE BARRIERS

    710.1General. Smoke barriers shall comply with this section.

    710.2Materials. Smoke barriers shall be of materials permitted by the building type of construction.

    710.3Fire-resistance  rating.  A  1-hour  fire-resistance  rating  is  required  for smoke barriers.

    Exception: Smoke barriers constructed of minimum 0.10-inch-thick (2.5 mm) steel in Group I-3 buildings.

    710.4Continuity. Smoke barriers shall form an effective membrane continuous from outside wall to outside wall and from the top of the foundation or  floor/ceiling assembly below to the underside of the floor or roof sheathing, deck  or slab above, including continuity through concealed spaces, such as those found  above suspended ceilings, and interstitial structural and mechanical spaces. The supporting construction shall be protected to afford the required fire-resistance rating of the wall or floor supported in buildings of other than Type IIB, IIIB or VB construction.

    Exception: Smoke-barrier walls are not required in interstitial spaces where  such spaces are designed and constructed with ceilings that provide resistance to the passage of fire and smoke equivalent to that provided by the smoke-  barrier walls.

    710.5Openings. Openings in a smoke barrier shall be protected in accordance with Section 715.

    Exceptions:

    1.In Group I-2, where doors are installed across corridors, a pair of  opposite-swinging doors without a center mullion shall be installed having vision panels with fire-protection-rated glazing materials in fire-protection-rated frames, the area of which shall not exceed that tested. The doors shall be close fitting within operational tolerances, and shall not have undercuts in excess of ¾-inch, louvers or grilles. The doors shall have head and jamb stops, astragals or rabbets at meeting edges and shall be automatic-closing by smoke detection in accordance with Section 715.4.8.3. Where permitted by the door  manufacturer's listing, positive-latching devices are not required.

    2.In Group I-2, horizontal sliding doors installed in accordance with Section 1008.1.4.3 and protected in accordance with Section 715.

    710.6Penetrations. Penetrations of smoke barriers shall comply with Section 713.

    710.7Joints. Joints made in or between smoke barriers shall comply with Section  714.

    710.8Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations in a smoke barrier by ducts and air transfer openings shall comply with Section 716.

    SECTION 711  SMOKE PARTITIONS

    711.1General. Smoke partitions installed as required elsewhere in the code shall comply with this section.

    711.2Materials. The walls shall be of materials permitted by the building type of  construction.

    711.3Fire-resistance  rating.  Unless  required  elsewhere  in  the  code,  smoke partitions are not required to have a fire-resistance rating.

    711.4Continuity. Smoke partitions shall extend from the top of the foundation or  floor below to the underside of the floor or roof sheathing, deck or slab above or to the underside of the ceiling above where the ceiling membrane is constructed to limit the transfer of smoke.

    711.5Openings. Windows shall be sealed to resist the free passage of smoke or  be automatic-closing upon detection of smoke. Doors in smoke partitions shall comply with this section.

    711.5.1Louvers. Doors in smoke partitions shall not include louvers.

    711.5.2Smoke and draft control doors. Where required elsewhere in the code, doors in smoke partitions shall meet the requirements for a smoke and draft control door assembly tested in accordance with UL 1784. The air leakage rate of the door assembly shall not exceed 3.0 cubic feet per minute

    per square foot (0.015424 m3/(s  m2)) of door opening at 0.10 inch (24.9 Pa)

    of water for both the ambient temperature test and the elevated temperature exposure test. Installation of smoke doors shall be in accordance with NFPA 105.

    711.5.3Self-or automatic-closing doors. Where required elsewhere in the code, doors in smoke partitions shall be self-or automatic-closing by smoke detection in accordance with Section 715.4.8.3.

    711.6Penetrations and joints. The space around penetrating items and in joints shall be filled with an approved material to limit the free passage of smoke.

    711.7Ducts and air transfer openings. The space around a duct penetrating a smoke partition shall be filled with an approved material to limit the free passage  of smoke. Air transfer openings in smoke partitions shall be provided with a smoke damper complying with Section 716.3.2.2.

    Exception: Where the installation of a smoke damper will interfere with the operation of a required smoke control system in accordance with Section 909,  approved alternative protection shall be utilized.

    SECTION 712 HORIZONTAL ASSEMBLIES

    712.1General. Floor and roof assemblies required to have a fire-resistance rating  shall comply with this section. Nonfire-resistance-rated floor and roof assemblies shall comply with Section 713.4.2.

    712.2Materials. The floor and roof assemblies shall be of materials permitted by  the building type of construction.

    712.3Fire-resistance rating. The fire-resistance rating of floor and roof  assemblies shall not be less than that required by the building type of  construction. Where the floor assembly separates mixed occupancies, the assembly shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than that required by  Section 508.4 based on the occupancies being separated. Where the floor assembly separates a single occupancy into different fire areas, the assembly shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than that required by Section 707.3.9.  Horizontal assemblies separating dwelling units in the same building and horizontal assemblies separating sleeping units in the same building shall be a minimum of 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction.

    Exception: Dwelling unit and sleeping unit separations in buildings of Type  IIB, IIIB and VB construction shall have fire-resistance ratings of not less than 1/2 hour in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    712.3.1Ceiling panels. Where the weight of lay-in ceiling panels, used as  part of fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assemblies, is not adequate to resist an upward force of 1 pound per square foot (48 Pa), wire or

    other approved devices shall be installed above the panels to prevent vertical displacement under such upward force.

    712.3.2Access doors. Access doors shall be permitted in ceilings of fire- resistance-rated floor/ceiling and roof/ceiling assemblies provided such doors  are tested in accordance with ASTM E 119 or UL 263 as horizontal assemblies and labeled by an approved agency for such purpose.

    712.3.3Unusable space. In 1-hour fire-resistance-rated floor assemblies, the ceiling membrane is not required to be installed over unusable crawl spaces.  In 1-hour fire-resistance-rated roof assemblies, the floor membrane is not required to be installed where unusable attic space occurs above.

    712.4Continuity. Assemblies shall be continuous without openings, penetrations  or joints except as permitted by this section and Sections 708.2, 713.4, 714 and  1022.1. Skylights and other penetrations through a fire-resistance-rated roof deck  or slab are permitted to be unprotected, provided that the structural integrity of the  fire-resistance-rated roof assembly is maintained. Unprotected skylights shall not be permitted in roof assemblies required to be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Section 705.8.6. The supporting construction shall be protected to afford the required fire-resistance rating of the horizontal assembly supported.

    Exception: In buildings of Type IIB, IIIB or VB construction, the construction supporting the horizontal assembly is not required to be fire-  resistance-rated at the following:

    1.      Horizontal assemblies at the separations of incidental uses as specified  by Table 508.2.5, provided the required fire-resistance rating does not exceed 1 hour.

    2.      Horizontal assemblies at the separations of dwelling units and sleeping units as required by Section 420.3.

    3.      Horizontal assemblies at smoke barriers constructed in accordance with Section 710.

    712.5Penetrations.  Penetrations  of  horizontal  assemblies  shall  comply  with Section 713.

    712.6Joints. Joints made in or between horizontal assemblies shall comply with Section 714. The void created at the intersection of a floor/ceiling assembly and

    an exterior curtain wall assembly shall be protected in accordance with Section 714.4.

    712.7Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations in horizontal assemblies by  ducts and air transfer openings shall comply with Section 716.

    712.8Floor fire door assemblies. Floor fire door assemblies used to protect openings in fire-resistance-rated floors shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 288, and shall achieve a fire-resistance rating not less than the assembly being penetrated. Floor fire door assemblies shall be labeled by an approved agency. The label shall be permanently affixed and shall specify the manufacturer, the test standard and the fire-resistance rating.

    712.9Smoke barrier. Where horizontal assemblies are required to resist the movement of smoke by other sections of this code in accordance with the definition of smoke barrier, penetrations and joints in such horizontal assemblies shall be protected as required for smoke barriers in accordance with Sections 713.5 and 714.6. Regardless of the number of stories connected by elevator shaft enclosures, doors located in elevator shaft enclosures that penetrate the horizontal assembly shall be protected by enclosed elevator lobbies complying with Section  708.14.1. Openings through horizontal assemblies shall be protected by shaft enclosures complying with Section 708. Horizontal assemblies shall not be allowed to have unprotected vertical openings.

    SECTION 713 PENETRATIONS

    713.1Scope. The provisions of this section shall govern the materials and methods of construction  used to protect  through penetrations and  membrane penetrations of horizontal assemblies and fire-resistance-rated wall assemblies.

    713.1.1Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations of fire-resistance- rated walls by ducts that are not protected with dampers shall comply with Sections 713.2 through 713.3.3. Penetrations of horizontal assemblies not protected with a shaft as permitted by Exception 4 of Section 708.2, and not required to be protected with fire dampers by other sections of this code, shall comply with Sections 713.4 through 713.4.2.2. Ducts and air transfer openings that are protected with dampers shall comply with Section 716.

    713.2Installation details. Where sleeves are used, they shall be securely fastened to the assembly penetrated. The space between the item contained in the sleeve

    and the sleeve itself and any space between the sleeve and the assembly  penetrated shall  be  protected  in accordance  with this section.  Insulation  and coverings on or in the penetrating item shall not penetrate the assembly unless the specific material used has been tested as part of the assembly in accordance with this section.

    713.3Fire-resistance-rated walls. Penetrations into or through fire walls, fire barriers, smoke barrier walls and fire partitions shall comply with Sections 713.3.1 through 713.3.3. Penetrations in smoke barrier walls shall also comply with Section 713.5.

    713.3.1Through penetrations. Through penetrations of fire-resistance-rated walls shall comply with Section 713.3.1.1 or 713.3.1.2.

    Exception: Where the penetrating items are steel, ferrous or copper pipes, tubes or conduits, the annular space between the penetrating item and the  fire-resistance-rated wall is permitted to be protected as follows:

    1.In concrete or masonry walls where the penetrating item is a maximum 6-inch (152 mm) nominal diameter and the area of the opening through the wall does not exceed 144 square inches  (0.0929 m2), concrete, grout or mortar is permitted where it is installed the full thickness of the wall or the thickness required to maintain the fire-resistance rating; or

    2.The material used to fill the annular space shall  prevent  the passage of flame and hot gases sufficient to ignite cotton waste  when subjected to ASTM E 119 or UL 263 time-temperature fire conditions under a minimum positive pressure differential of 0.01  inch (2.49 Pa) of water at the location of the penetration for the time period equivalent to the fire-resistance rating of the construction penetrated.

    713.3.1.1Fire-resistance-rated   assemblies.   Penetrations   shall   be installed as tested in an approved fire-resistance-rated assembly.

    713.3.1.2Through-penetration firestop system. Through penetrations shall be protected by an approved penetration firestop system installed as  tested in accordance with ASTM E 814 or UL 1479, with a minimum positive pressure differential of 0.01 inch (2.49 Pa) of water and shall have

    an F rating of not less than the required fire-resistance rating of the wall penetrated.

    713.3.2Membrane penetrations. Membrane penetrations shall comply with Section 713.3.1. Where walls or partitions are required to have a fire- resistance rating, recessed fixtures shall be installed such that the required  fire-resistance will not be reduced.

    Exceptions:

    1.Membrane penetrations of maximum 2-hour  fire-resistance- rated walls and partitions by steel electrical boxes that do not exceed 16 square inches (0.0103 m2) in area, provided the aggregate area of the openings through the membrane does not exceed 100 square inches (0.0645 m2) in any 100 square feet (9.29 m2) of wall area. The annular space between the wall membrane and the box shall not exceed 1/8 inch (3.1 mm). Such boxes on opposite sides of the wall or partition shall be separated by one of the following:

    1.1.By a horizontal distance of not less than 24 inches (610  mm) where the wall or partition is constructed with individual noncommunicating stud cavities;

    1.2.By a horizontal distance of not less than the depth of the wall cavity where the wall cavity is filled with cellulose loose-fill, rockwool or slag mineral wool  insulation;

    1.3.By  solid  fireblocking  in  accordance  with  Section 717.2.1;

    1.4.By protecting both outlet boxes with listed putty pads;  or

    1.5.By other listed materials and methods.

    2.Membrane penetrations by listed electrical boxes of any  material, provided such boxes have been tested for use in fire-  resistance-rated assemblies and are installed in accordance with the  instructions  included  in  the  listing.  The  annular  space

    between the wall membrane and the box shall not exceed 1/8  inch (3.1 mm) unless listed otherwise. Such boxes on opposite  sides of the wall or partition shall be separated by one of the following:

    2.1.By the horizontal distance specified in the listing of  the electrical boxes;

    2.2.By  solid  fireblocking  in  accordance  with  Section 717.2.1;

    2.3.By protecting both boxes with listed putty pads; or

    2.4.By other listed materials and methods.

    3.Membrane penetrations by electrical boxes of any size or type, which have been listed as part of a wall opening protective material system for use in fire-resistance-rated assemblies and  are installed in accordance with the instructions included in the listing.

    4.Membrane penetrations by boxes other than electrical boxes,  provided such penetrating items and the annular space between the wall membrane and the box, are protected by an approved membrane penetration firestop system installed as tested in accordance with ASTM E 814 or UL 1479, with a minimum positive pressure differential of 0.01 inch (2.49 Pa) of water, and shall have an F and T rating of not less than the required fire-resistance rating of the wall penetrated and be installed in accordance with their listing.

    5.The annular space created by the penetration of an automatic sprinkler, provided it is covered by a metal escutcheon plate.

    713.3.3Dissimilar materials. Noncombustible penetrating items shall not connect to combustible items beyond the point of firestopping unless it can be demonstrated that the fire-resistance integrity of the wall is maintained.

    713.4Horizontal assemblies. Penetrations of a floor, floor/ceiling assembly or  the ceiling membrane of a roof/ceiling assembly not required to be enclosed in a

    shaft by Section 708.2 shall be protected in accordance with Sections 713.4.1  through 713.4.2.2.

    713.4.1Fire-resistance-rated assemblies. Penetrations of the fire-resistance-  rated floor, floor/ceiling assembly or the ceiling membrane of a roof/ceiling assembly shall comply with Sections 713.4.1.1 through 713.4.1.4.  Penetrations in horizontal smoke barriers shall also comply with 713.5.

    713.4.1.1Through penetrations. Through penetrations of fire-resistance- rated horizontal assemblies shall comply with Section 713.4.1.1.1 or 713.4.1.1.2.

    Exceptions:

    1.      Penetrations by steel, ferrous or copper conduits, pipes, tubes or vents or concrete or masonry items through a single fire- resistance rated floor assembly where the annular space is protected with materials that prevent the passage of flame and hot gases sufficient to ignite cotton waste when subjected to  ASTM E 119 or UL 263 time-temperature fire conditions under a minimum positive pressure differential of 0.01 inch  (2.49 Pa) of water at the location of the penetration for the time period equivalent to the fire-resistance rating of the construction penetrated. Penetrating items with a maximum 6-  inch (152 mm) nominal diameter shall not be limited to the penetration  of  a  single  fire-resistance-rated  floor  assembly,

    provided the aggregate area of the openings through the assembly does not exceed 144 square inches (92 900 mm2) in any 100 square feet (9.3 m2) of floor area.

    2.      Penetrations in a single concrete floor by steel, ferrous or  copper conduits, pipes, tubes or vents with a maximum 6-inch  (152 mm) nominal diameter, provided the concrete, grout or  mortar is installed the full thickness of the floor or the thickness required to maintain the fire-resistance rating. The penetrating items shall not be limited to the penetration of a single concrete floor, provided the area of the opening through each floor does not exceed 144 square inches (92 900 mm2).

    3.      Penetrations by listed electrical boxes of any material, provided  such boxes have been tested for use in fire-resistance-rated

    assemblies and installed in accordance with the instructions included in the listing.

    713.4.1.1.1Installation. Through penetrations shall be installed as tested in the approved fire-resistance-rated assembly.

    713.4.1.1.2Through-penetration firestop system. Through penetrations shall be protected by an approved through- penetration firestop system installed and tested in accordance with ASTM E 814 or UL 1479, with a minimum positive  pressure differential of 0.01 inch of water (2.49 Pa). The system shall have an F rating/T rating of not less than 1 hour  but not less than the required rating of the floor penetrated.

    Exception: Floor penetrations contained and located within the cavity of a wall above the floor or below the floor do not require a T rating.

    713.4.1.2Membrane penetrations. Penetrations of membranes that are part of a horizontal assembly shall comply with Section 713.4.1.1.1 or 713.4.1.1.2. Where floor/ceiling assemblies are required to have a  fire-resistance rating, recessed fixtures shall be installed such that the required fire resistance will not be reduced.

    Exceptions:

    1.      Membrane   penetrations   by   steel,   ferrous   or   copper

    conduits, pipes, tubes or vents, or concrete or  masonry  items where the annular space is protected either in accordance with Section 713.4.1.1 or to prevent the free passage of flame and the products of combustion. The aggregate area of the openings through the membrane shall not exceed 100 square inches (64 500 mm2) in any 100 square feet (9.3 m2) of ceiling area in assemblies tested without penetrations.

    2.      Ceiling membrane penetrations of maximum 2-hour  horizontal assemblies by steel electrical boxes that do not exceed 16 square inches (10 323 mm2) in area, provided the aggregate area of such penetrations does not exceed 100

    square inches (44 500 mm2) in any 100 square feet (9.29 m2) of ceiling area, and the annular space  between the ceiling membrane and the box does not exceed 1/8 inch (3.2  mm).

    3.      Membrane penetrations by electrical boxes of any size or  type, which have been listed as part of an opening protective material system for use in horizontal assemblies and are installed in accordance with the instructions  included in the listing.

    4.      Membrane penetrations by listed electrical boxes of any material, provided such boxes have been tested for use in  fire-resistance-rated assemblies and are installed in accordance with the instructions included in the listing. The annular space between the ceiling membrane and the box shall not exceed 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) unless listed otherwise.

    5.      The annular space created by the penetration of a fire sprinkler, provided  it  is  covered  by  a  metal escutcheon  plate.

    713.4.1.3Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations of horizontal assemblies by ducts and air transfer openings shall comply with Section 716.

    713.4.1.4Dissimilar materials. Noncombustible penetrating items shall not connect to combustible materials beyond the point of firestopping  unless it can be demonstrated that the fire-resistance integrity of the horizontal assembly is maintained.

    713.4.2Nonfire-resistance-rated assemblies. Penetrations of nonfire- resistance-rated floor or floor/ceiling assemblies or the ceiling membrane of a nonfire-resistance rated roof/ceiling assembly shall meet the requirements of  Section 708 or shall comply with Section 713.4.2.1 or 713.4.2.2.

    713.4.2.1Noncombustible penetrating items.  Noncombustible penetrating items that connect not more than three stories are permitted,  provided that the annular space is filled to resist the free passage of flame and the products of combustion with an approved noncombustible material

    or with a fill, void or cavity material that is tested and classified for use in through-penetration firestop systems.

    713.4.2.2Penetrating items. Penetrating items that connect not more than  two stories are permitted, provided that the annular space is filled with an approved material to resist the free passage of flame and the products of  combustion.

    713.5Penetrations in smoke barriers. Penetrations in smoke barriers shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of UL 1479 for air leakage. The air leakage rate of the penetration assemblies measured at 0.30 inch (7.47 Pa) of  water in both the ambient temperature and elevated temperature tests, shall not exceed:

    1.      5.0 cfm per square foot (0.025m3 /s  m2) of penetration opening for each

    through-penetration firestop system;or

    2.      A total cumulative leakage of 50 cfm (0.024m3/s) for any 100 square feet (9.3 m2) of wall area, or floor area.

    SECTION 714

    FIRE-RESISTANT JOINT SYSTEMS

    714.1General. Joints installed in or between fire-resistance-rated walls, floor or floor/ceiling assemblies and roofs or roof/ceiling assemblies shall be protected by  an approved fire-resistant joint system designed to resist the passage of fire for a time period not less than the required fire-resistance rating of the wall, floor or roof in or between which it is installed. Fire-resistant joint systems shall be tested in accordance with Section 714.3. The void created at the intersection of a  floor/ceiling assembly and an exterior curtain wall assembly shall be protected in accordance with Section 714.4.

    Exception: Fire-resistant joint systems shall not be required for joints in all of  the following locations:

    1.      Floors within a single dwelling unit.

    2.      Floors where the joint is protected by a shaft enclosure in accordance with Section 708.

    3.      Floors within atriums where the space adjacent to the atrium is included in the volume of the atrium for smoke control purposes.

    4.      Floors within malls.

    5.      Floors and ramps within open and enclosed parking garages or structures constructed in accordance with Sections 406.3 and 406.4, respectively.

    6.      Mezzanine floors.

    7.      Walls that are permitted to have unprotected openings.

    8.      Roofs where openings are permitted.

    9.      Control joints not exceeding a maximum width of 0.625 inch (15.9 mm) and tested in accordance with ASTM E 119 or UL 263.

    714.2Installation. Fire-resistant joint systems shall be securely installed in or on  the joint for its entire length so as not to dislodge, loosen or otherwise impair its ability to accommodate expected building movements and to resist the passage of  fire and hot gases.

    714.3Fire test criteria. Fire-resistant joint systems shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of either ASTM E 1966 or UL 2079. Nonsymmetrical wall joint systems shall be tested with both faces exposed to the furnace, and the assigned fire-resistance rating shall be the shortest duration obtained from the two  tests. When evidence is furnished to show that the wall was tested with the least fire-resistant side exposed to the furnace, subject to acceptance of the building  official, the wall need not be subjected to tests from the opposite side.

    Exception: For exterior walls with a horizontal fire separation distance greater than 5 feet (1524 mm), the joint system shall be required to be tested  for interior fire exposure only.

    714.4Exterior curtain wall/floor intersection. Where fire resistance-rated floor  or floor/ceiling assemblies are required, voids created at the intersection of the exterior curtain wall assemblies and such floor assemblies shall be sealed with an approved system to prevent the interior spread of fire. Such systems shall be securely installed and tested in accordance with ASTM E 2307 to prevent the passage of flame for the time period at least equal to the fire-resistance rating of  the floor assembly and prevent the passage of heat and hot gases sufficient to ignite cotton waste. Height and fire-resistance requirements for curtain wall spandrels shall comply with Section 705.8.5.

    714.4.1 Exterior curtain wall/nonfire-resistance-rated floor assembly intersections. Voids created at the intersection of exterior curtain wall assemblies and nonfire-resistance-rated floor or floor/ceiling assemblies shall be sealed with an approved material or system to retard the interior spread of  fire and hot gases between stories.

    714.5Spandrel wall. Height and fire-resistance requirements for curtain wall spandrels shall comply with Section 705.8.5. Where Section 705.8.5 does not require a fire-resistance-rated spandrel wall, the requirements of Section 714.4  shall still apply to the intersection between the spandrel wall and the floor.

    714.6Fire-resistant joint systems in smoke barriers. Fire-resistant joint systems in smoke barriers, and joints at the intersection of a horizontal smoke barrier and an exterior curtain wall, shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of UL 2079 for air leakage. The air leakage rate of the joint shall not

    exceed 5 cfm per lineal foot (0.00775 m3/s m) of joint at 0.30 inch (7.47 Pa) of  water for both the ambient temperature and elevated temperature tests.

    SECTION 715 OPENING PROTECTIVES

    715.1General. Opening protectives required by other sections of this code shall comply with the provisions of this section.

    715.2Fire-resistance-rated glazing. Fire-resistance-rated glazing tested as part  of a fire-resistance-rated wall assembly in accordance with ASTM E 119 or UL 263 and labeled in accordance with Section 703.5 shall be permitted in fire doors  and fire window assemblies in accordance with their listings and shall not otherwise be required to comply with this section.

    715.3Alternative methods for determining fire protection ratings. The application of any of the alternative methods listed in this section shall be based  on the fire exposure and acceptance criteria specified in NFPA 252, NFPA 257 or UL 9. The required fire resistance of an opening protective shall be permitted to be established by any of the following methods or procedures:

    1.Designs documented in referenced publications approved in accordance with this code.

    2.Calculations performed in accordance with Section 106.5.

    3.Engineering analysis based on a comparison of opening protective designs  having fire protection ratings as determined by the test procedures set forth in NFPA 252, NFPA 257 or UL 9.

    4.Alternative protection methods as allowed by Section 106.5.

    715.4Fire door and shutter assemblies. Approved fire door and fire shutter assemblies shall be constructed of any material or assembly of component materials that conforms to the test requirements of Section 715.4.1, 715.4.2 or 715.4.3 and the fire protection rating indicated in Table 715.4. Fire door frames  with transom lights, sidelights or both shall be permitted in accordance with Section 715.4.5. Fire door assemblies and shutters shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of this section and NFPA 80.

    Exceptions:

    1.Labeled protective assemblies that conform to the requirements of this

    section  or  UL  10A,  UL  14B  and  UL  14C  for  tin-clad  fire  door  assemblies.

    2.Floor fire door assemblies in accordance with Section 712.8.

    715.4.1Side-hinged or pivoted swinging doors. Fire door assemblies with side-hinged and pivoted swinging doors shall be tested in accordance with  NFPA 252 or UL 10C. After 5 minutes into the NFPA 252 test, the neutral  pressure level in the furnace shall be established at 40 inches (1016 mm) or less above the sill.

    715.4.2Other types of assemblies. Fire door assemblies with other types of doors, including swinging elevator doors and fire shutter assemblies, shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 252 or UL 10B. The pressure in the furnace shall be maintained as nearly equal to the atmospheric pressure as possible. Once established, the pressure shall be maintained during the entire  test period.

    715.4.3Door assemblies in corridors and smoke barriers. Fire door  assemblies required to have a minimum fire protection rating of 20 minutes where located in corridor walls or smoke barrier walls having a fire-resistance rating in accordance with Table 715.4 shall be tested in accordance with  NFPA 252 or UL 10C without the hose stream test.

    Exceptions:

    1.      Viewports that require a hole not larger than 1 inch (25 mm) in diameter through the door, have at least a 0.25-inch-thick (6.4 mm)  glass disc and the holder is of metal that will not melt out where subject to temperatures of 1,700°F (927°C).

    2.      Corridor door assemblies in occupancies of Group I-2 shall be in accordance with Section 407.3.1.

    3.      Unprotected openings shall be permitted for corridors in multi- theater complexes where each motion picture auditorium has at least one-half of its required exit or exit access doorways opening directly to the exterior or into an exit passageway.

    4.      Horizontal  sliding  doors  in  smoke  barriers  that  comply  with Sections 408.3 and 408.8.4 in occupancies in Group I-3.

    TABLE 715.4

    FIRE DOOR AND FIRE SHUTTER FIRE PROTECTION RATINGS

     

     

    TYPE OF ASSEMBLY

    REQUIRED  ASSEMBLY RATING

    (hours)

    MINIMUM FIRE DOOR AND FIRE  SHUTTER ASSEMBLY RATING

    (hours)

     

    Fire walls and fire barriers having a required fire-  resistance rating greater than 1 hour

     

    4

    3

    2

     

    3

    3a

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    Fire barriers having a required fire-resistance

     

    1

    1

     

    1

    ¾

    rating of 1 hour: Shaft, exit enclosure and exit   passageway walls Other fire barriers

    Fire partitions:

     

    1

     

    1/3 b

    Corridor walls

     

    0.5

    1/3 b

    Other fire partitions

    1

    ¾

    0.5

    1/3

     

    Exterior walls

    3

    2

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1

    ¾

    Smoke barriers

    1

    1/3 b

    a. Two doors, each with a fire protection rating of 1 ½ hours, installed on opposite sides of the same opening in a fire wall, shall  be deemed equivalent in fire protection rating to one 3-hour fire door.

    b.For testing requirements, see Section 715.4.3.

    715.4.3.1Smoke and draft control. Fire door assemblies shall also meet the requirements for a smoke and draft control door assembly tested in accordance with UL 1784. The air leakage rate of the door assembly shall not exceed 3.0 cubic feet per minute per square foot (0.01524 m3/s  m2)

    of door opening at 0.10 inch (24.9 Pa) of water for both the ambient temperature and elevated temperature tests. Louvers shall be prohibited. Installation of smoke doors shall be in accordance with NFPA 105.

    715.4.3.2Glazing in door assemblies. In a 20-minute fire door assembly, the glazing material in the door itself shall have a minimum fire- protection-rated glazing of 20 minutes and shall be exempt from the hose  stream test. Glazing material in any other part of the door assembly, including transom lights and sidelights, shall be tested in accordance with  NFPA 257 or UL 9, including the hose stream test, in accordance with Section 715.5.

    715.4.4Doors in exit enclosures and exit passageways. Fire door assemblies in exit enclosures and exit passageways shall have a maximum transmitted temperature end point of not more than 450ºF (250ºC) above ambient at the end of 30 minutes of standard fire test exposure.

    Exception: The maximum transmitted temperature rise is not required in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

    715.4.4.1Glazing in doors. Fire-protection-rated glazing in excess of 100 square inches (0.065 m2) shall be permitted in fire door assemblies when  tested as components of the door assemblies and not as glass lights, and shall have a maximum transmitted temperature rise of 450ºF (250ºC) in accordance with Section 715.4.4.

    Exception: The maximum transmitted temperature rise is not required  in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.

    715.4.5Fire door frames with transom lights and sidelights. Door frames  with transom lights, sidelights, or both, shall be permitted where a ¾-hour fire protection rating or less is required in accordance with Table 715.4. Where a fire protection rating exceeding ¾-hour is required in accordance with Table  715.4,  fire  door  frames  with  transom  lights,  sidelights,  or  both,  shall  be

    permitted  where  installed  with  fire-resistance-rated  glazing  tested  as  an assembly in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263.

    715.4.6Labeled protective assemblies. Fire door assemblies shall be labeled  by an approved agency. The labels shall comply with NFPA 80, and shall be permanently affixed to the door or frame.

    715.4.6.1Fire door labeling requirements. Fire doors shall be labeled  showing the name of the manufacturer or other identification readily traceable back to the manufacturer, the name or trademark of the approved  inspection agency, the fire protection rating and, where required for fire  doors in exit enclosures and exit passageways by Section 715.4.4, the maximum transmitted temperature end point. Smoke and draft control  doors complying with UL 1784 shall be labeled as such and shall also comply with Section 715.4.6.3. Labels shall be approved and permanently affixed. The label shall be applied at the factory or location where fabrication and assembly are performed.

    715.4.6.2Oversized doors. Oversized fire doors shall bear an oversized fire door label by an approved agency or shall be provided with a certificate of inspection furnished by an approved testing agency. When a certificate of inspection is furnished by an approved testing agency, the certificate shall state that the door conforms to the requirements of design, materials and construction, but has not been subjected to the fire test.

    715.4.6.3Smoke and draft control door labeling requirements. Smoke and draft control doors complying with UL 1784 shall be labeled in  accordance with Section 715.4.6.1 and shall show the letter "S" on the fire rating label of the door. This marking shall indicate that the door and frame assembly are in compliance when listed or labeled gasketing is also  installed.

    715.4.6.4Fire door frame labeling requirements. Fire door frames shall be labeled showing the names of the manufacturer and the approved  inspection agency.

    715.4.7Glazing material. Fire-protection-rated glazing conforming to the opening protection requirements in Section 715.4 shall be permitted in fire  door assemblies.

    715.4.7.1Size limitations. Fire-protection-rated glazing used in fire doors  shall comply with the size limitations of NFPA 80.

    Exceptions:

    1        Fire-protection-rated glazing in fire doors located in fire walls shall be prohibited except where serving in a fire door in a horizontal exit, a self-closing swinging door shall be permitted to have a vision panel of not more than 100 square inches (0.065 m2) without a dimension exceeding 10 inches  (254  mm).

    2        Fire-protection-rated glazing shall not be installed in fire doors  having a 1½-hour fire protection rating intended for installation in fire barriers, unless the glazing is not more than 100 square inches (0.065 m2) in area.

    715.4.7.2Exit and elevator protectives. Approved fire-protection-rated glazing used in fire door assemblies in elevator and exit enclosures shall be so located as to furnish clear vision of the passageway or approach to the elevator, ramp or stairway.

    715.4.7.3Labeling. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall bear a label or  other identification showing the name of the manufacturer, the test standard and information required in Section 715.5.9.1 that shall be issued by an approved agency and shall be permanently affixed to the glazing.

    715.4.7.3.1 Identification. For fire protection-rated glazing, the label shall bear the following four-part identification: "D - H or NH - T or NT - XXX." "D" indicates that the glazing shall be used in fire door  assemblies and that the glazing meets the fire protection requirements  of NFPA  252.  "H" shall indicate  that the  glazing  meets the hose  stream requirements of NFPA 252. "NH" shall indicate that the glazing does not meet the hose stream requirements of the test. "T" shall indicate that the glazing meets the temperature requirements of  Section 715.4.4.1. "NT" shall indicate that the glazing does not meet the temperature requirements of Section 715.4.4.1. The placeholder  "XXX" shall specify the fire-protection-rating period, in minutes.

    715.4.7.4Safety glazing. Fire-protection-rated glazing installed in fire  doors in areas subject to human impact in hazardous locations shall comply with Chapter 24.

    715.4.8Door  closing.  Fire  doors  shall  be  self-or  automatic-closing  in accordance with this section.

    Exceptions:

    1.      Fire doors located in common walls separating sleeping units in  Group R-1 shall be permitted without automatic- or self-closing devices.

    2.      The elevator car doors and the associated hoistway enclosure doors  at the floor level designated for recall in accordance with Section 3003.2 shall be permitted to remain open during Phase I  emergency recall operation.

    715.4.8.1Latch required. Unless otherwise specifically permitted, single fire doors and both leaves of pairs of side-hinged swinging fire doors shall be provided with an active latch bolt that will secure the door when it is closed.

    715.4.8.2Automatic-closing  fire  door  assemblies.  Automatic-closing  fire door assemblies shall be self-closing in accordance with NFPA 80.

    715.4.8.3Smoke-activated doors. Automatic-closing doors installed in the following locations shall be automatic-closing by the actuation of  smoke detectors installed in accordance with Section 907.3 or by loss of power to the smoke detector or hold-open device. Doors that are automatic-closing by smoke detection shall not have more than a 10-  second delay before the door starts to close after the smoke detector is actuated:

    1.      Doors installed across a corridor.

    2.      Doors that protect openings in exits or corridors required to be of fire-resistance-rated construction.

    3.      Doors that protect openings in walls that are capable of resisting  the passage of smoke in accordance with Section 508.2.5.2.

    4.      Doors  installed  in  smoke  barriers  in  accordance  with  Section  710.5.

    5.      Doors installed in fire partitions in accordance with Section 709.6.

    6.      Doors installed in a fire wall in accordance with Section 706.8.

    7.      Doors installed in shaft  enclosures in accordance with  Section  708.7.

    8.      Doors  installed  in  refuse  and  laundry  chutes  and  access  and termination rooms in accordance with Section 708.13.

    9.      Doors installed in the walls for compartmentation of underground buildings in accordance with Section 405.4.2.

    10.  Doors  installed  in  the  elevator  lobby  walls  of  underground buildings in accordance with Section 405.4.3.

    11.  Doors installed in smoke partitions in accordance with Section  711.5.3.

    715.4.8.4Doors in pedestrian ways. Vertical sliding or vertical rolling steel fire doors in openings through which pedestrians travel shall be heat activated or activated by smoke detectors with alarm verification.

    715.4.9Swinging fire shutters. Where fire shutters of the swinging type are installed in exterior openings, not less than one row in every three vertical  rows shall be arranged to be readily opened from the outside, and shall be identified by distinguishing marks or letters not less than 6 inches (152 mm)  high.

    715.4.10Rolling fire shutters. Where fire shutters of the rolling type are installed, such shutters shall include approved automatic-closing devices.

    715.5 Fire-protection-rated glazing. Glazing in fire window assemblies shall be fire-protection rated in accordance with this section and Table 715.5. Glazing in fire door assemblies shall comply with Section 715.4.7. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall be tested in accordance with and shall meet the acceptance criteria of NFPA 257 or UL 9. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall also comply with NFPA

    80.Openings in nonfire-resistance-rated exterior wall assemblies that require protection in accordance with Section 705.3, 705.8, 705.8.5 or 705.8.6 shall have a fire-protection rating of not less than ¾ hour.

    Exceptions:

    1.      Wired glass in accordance with Section 715.5.4.

    2.      Fire protection-rated glazing in 0.5-hour fire-resistance-rated partitions  is permitted to have an 0.33-hour fire-protection rating.

    TABLE 715.5

    FIRE WINDOW ASSEMBLY FIRE PROTECTION RATINGS

     

     

    TYPE OF ASSEMBLY

    REQUIRED  ASSEMBLY

    RATING (hours)

    MINIMUM FIRE WINDOW ASSEMBLY

    RATING (hours)

     

     

     

     

    Interior walls:

    Fire walls

    All

    NPa

    Fire barriers

    > 1

    1

    NPa

    ¾

    Smoke barriers

    1

    ¾

    Fire   partitions

    1

    ½

    ¾

    1/3

     

    Exterior walls

    > 1

    1

    1 ½

    ¾

    Party wall

    All

    NP

                    NP = Not Permitted.

    a.    Not permitted except as specified in Section 715.2.

    715.5.1Testing under positive pressure. NFPA 257 or UL 9 shall evaluate fire-protection-rated glazing under positive pressure. Within the first 10  minutes of a test, the pressure in the furnace shall be adjusted so at least two-  thirds of the test specimen is above the neutral pressure plane, and the neutral  pressure plane shall be maintained at that height for the balance of the test.

    715.5.2Nonsymmetrical glazing systems. Nonsymmetrical fire-protection-  rated glazing systems in fire partitions, fire barriers or in exterior walls with a fire separation distance of 5 feet (1524 mm) or less pursuant to Section 705  shall be tested with both faces exposed to the furnace, and the assigned fire protection rating shall be the shortest duration obtained from the two tests conducted in compliance with NFPA 257 or UL 9.

    715.5.3Safety glazing. Fire-protection-rated glazing installed in fire window  assemblies in areas subject to human impact in hazardous locations shall comply with Chapter 24.

    715.5.4Wired glass. Steel window frame assemblies of 0.125-inch (3.2 mm) minimum solid section or of not less than nominal 0.048-inch-thick (1.2 mm)  formed sheet steel members fabricated by pressing, mitering, riveting, interlocking or welding and having provision for glazing with ¼-inch (6.4  mm) wired glass where securely installed in the building construction and glazed with ¼-inch (6.4 mm) labeled wired glass shall be deemed to meet the requirements for a ¾-hour fire window assembly. Wired glass panels shall conform to the size limitations set forth in Table 715.5.4.

    715.5.5Nonwired glass. Glazing other than wired glass in fire window  assemblies shall be fire-protection-rated glazing installed in accordance with and complying with the size limitations set forth in NFPA 80.

    715.5.6Installation.  Fire-protection-rated  glazing  shall  be  in  the  fixed position or be automatic-closing and shall be installed in approved frames.

    OPENING FIRE PROTECTION RATING

    MAXIMUM AREA

    (square inches)

    MAXIMUM HEIGHT

    (inches)

    MAXIMUM WIDTH

    (inches)

    3 hours

    0

    0

    0

    1 ½-hour doors in exterior walls

    0

    0

    0

    1 and 1 ½ hours

    100

    33

    10

    ¾ hour

    1,296

    54

    54

    20 minutes

    Not Limited

    Not Limited

    Not Limited

    Fire window assemblies

    1,296

    54

    54

     

     
    FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES TABLE 715.5.4 LIMITING SIZES OF WIRED GLASS PANELS

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square inch = 645.2 mm2.

    715.5.7Window mullions. Metal mullions that exceed a nominal height of 12  feet (3658 mm) shall be protected with materials to afford the same fire-  resistance rating as required for the wall construction in which the protective is located.

    715.5.8Interior fire window assemblies. Fire-protection-rated glazing used  in fire window assemblies located in fire partitions and fire barriers shall be

    limited to use in assemblies with a maximum fire-resistance rating of 1 hour  in accordance with this section.

    715.5.8.1Where ¾-hour fire protection window assemblies permitted.  Fire-protection-rated glazing requiring 45-minute opening protection in accordance with Table 715.5 shall be limited to fire partitions designed in accordance with Section 709 and fire barriers utilized in the applications  set forth in Sections 707.3.6 and 707.3.8 where the fire-resistance rating does not exceed 1 hour.

    715.5.8.2Area limitations. The total area of windows shall not exceed 25  percent of the area of a common wall with any room.

    715.5.9Labeling requirements. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall bear a label or other identification showing the name of the manufacturer, the test standard and information required in Section 715.5.9.1 that shall be issued by  an approved agency and shall be permanently affixed to the glazing.

    715.5.9.1Identification. For fire-protection-rated glazing, the label shall bear the following two-part identification: "OH - XXX." "OH" indicates that the glazing meets both the fire protection and the hose-stream requirements of NFPA 257 or UL 9 and is permitted to be used in openings. "XXX" represents the fire-protection rating period, in minutes, that was tested.

    SECTION 716

    DUCTS AND AIR TRANSFER OPENINGS

    716.1General. The provisions of this section shall govern the protection of duct penetrations and air transfer openings in assemblies required to be protected.

    716.1.1Ducts that penetrate fire-resistance-rated assemblies without dampers. Ducts that penetrate fire-resistance-rated assemblies and are not required by this section to have dampers shall comply with the requirements  of Sections 713.2 through 713.3.3. Ducts that penetrate horizontal assemblies not required to be contained within a shaft and not required by this section to have dampers shall comply with the requirements of Sections 713.4 through  713.4.2.2.

    716.1.1.1Ducts that penetrate nonfire-resistance-rated  assemblies. The space around a duct penetrating a nonfire-resistance-rated floor assembly shall comply with Section 716.6.3.

    716.2Installation. Fire dampers, smoke dampers, combination fire/smoke dampers and ceiling radiation dampers located within air distribution and smoke control systems shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of this section, the manufacturer's installation instructions and the dampers' listing.

    716.2.1Smoke control system. Where the installation of a fire damper will interfere with the operation of a required smoke control system in accordance with Section 909, approved alternative protection shall be utilized. Where mechanical systems including ducts and dampers utilized for normal building ventilation serve as part of the smoke control system, the expected performance of these systems in smoke control mode shall be addressed in the rational analysis required by Section 909.4.

    716.2.2Hazardous exhaust ducts. Fire dampers for hazardous exhaust duct systems shall comply with the mechanical code.

    716.3Damper  testing,  ratings  and  actuation.  Damper  testing,  ratings  and actuation shall be in accordance with Sections 716.3.1 through 716.3.3.

    716.3.1Damper testing. Dampers shall be listed and bear the label of an approved testing agency indicating compliance with the standards in this section. Fire dampers shall comply with the requirements of UL 555. Only fire dampers labeled for use in dynamic systems shall be installed in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems designed to operate with fans on  during a fire. Smoke dampers shall comply with the requirements of UL 555S.  Combination fire/smoke dampers shall comply with the requirements of both  UL 555 and UL 555S. Ceiling radiation dampers shall comply with the requirements of UL 555C.

    716.3.2Damper rating. Damper ratings shall be in accordance with Sections 716.3.2.1 through 716.3.2.3.

    716.3.2.1Fire damper ratings. Fire dampers shall have the minimum fire protection rating specified in Table 716.3.2.1 for the type of penetration.

    716.3.2.2Smoke damper ratings. Smoke damper leakage ratings shall not be less than Class II. Elevated temperature ratings shall not be less  than 250°F (121°C).

    TABLE 716.3.2.1 FIRE DAMPER RATING

     

    TYPE OF PENETRATION

    MINIMUM DAMPER RATING

    (hours)

    Less than 3-hour fire-resistance-rated assemblies

    1.5

    3-hour or greater fire-resistance-rated assemblies

    3

    716.3.2.3Combination fire/smoke damper ratings. Combination fire/smoke dampers shall have the minimum fire protection rating specified for fire dampers in Table 716.3.2.1 for the type of penetration and shall also have a minimum Class II leakage rating and a minimum elevated temperature rating of 250°F (121°C).

    716.3.3Damper actuation. Damper actuation shall be in accordance with Sections 716.3.3.1 through 716.3.3.4 as applicable.

    716.3.3.1Fire  damper  actuation  device.  The  fire  damper  actuation device shall meet one of the following requirements:

    1.      The operating temperature shall be approximately 50°F (10°C) above the normal temperature within the duct system, but not less  than 160°F (71°C).

    2.      The operating temperature shall be not more than 350°F (177°C) where located in a smoke control system complying with Section  909.

    716.3.3.2Smoke damper actuation. The smoke damper shall close upon  actuation of a listed smoke detector or detectors installed in accordance with Section 907.3 and one of the following methods, as applicable:

    1.      Where a smoke damper is installed within a duct, a smoke detector  shall be installed in the duct within 5 feet (1524 mm) of  the damper with no air outlets or inlets between the detector and the damper. The detector shall be listed for the air  velocity, temperature  and  humidity  anticipated  at  the  point  where  it  is

    installed. Other than in mechanical smoke control systems,  dampers shall be closed upon fan shutdown where local smoke detectors require a minimum velocity to operate.

    2.      Where a smoke damper is installed above smoke barrier doors in a smoke barrier, a spot-type detector listed for releasing service shall be installed on either side of the smoke barrier door opening.

    3.      Where a smoke damper is installed within an air transfer opening in a wall, a spot-type detector listed for releasing service shall be installed within 5 feet (1524 mm) horizontally of the damper.

    4.      Where a smoke damper is installed in a corridor wall or ceiling, the damper shall be permitted to be controlled by a smoke detection  system installed in the corridor.

    5.      Where a total-coverage smoke detector system is provided within areas served by a heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC)  system, smoke dampers shall be permitted to be controlled by the smoke detection system.

    716.3.3.3Combination fire/smoke damper actuation. Combination fire/smoke damper actuation shall be in accordance with Sections 716.3.3.1 and 716.3.3.2. Combination fire/smoke dampers installed in smoke control system shaft penetrations shall not be activated by local area smoke detection unless it is secondary to the smoke management system controls.

    716.3.3.4Ceiling radiation damper actuation. The  operating temperature of a ceiling radiation damper actuation device shall be 50°F  (27.8°C) above the normal temperature within the duct system, but not  less than 160°F (71°C).

    716.4Access and identification. Fire and smoke dampers shall be provided with an approved means of access, which is large enough to permit inspection and  maintenance of the damper and its operating parts. The access shall not affect the integrity of fire-resistance-rated assemblies. The access openings shall not reduce the fire-resistance rating of the assembly. Access points shall be permanently identified on the exterior by a label having letters not less than ½ inch (12.7 mm) in  height  reading:  FIRE/SMOKE  DAMPER,  SMOKE  DAMPER  or  FIRE

    DAMPER. Access doors in ducts shall be tight fitting and suitable for the required duct construction.

    716.5Where required. Fire dampers, smoke dampers  and  combination fire/smoke dampers shall be provided at the locations prescribed in Sections  716.5.1 through 716.5.7 and 716.6. Where an assembly is required to have both fire dampers and  smoke dampers,  combination fire/smoke  dampers or a fire damper and a smoke damper shall be required.

    716.5.1Fire walls. Ducts and air transfer openings permitted in fire walls in accordance with Section 706.11 shall be protected with listed fire dampers installed in accordance with their listing.

    716.5.1.1Horizontal exits. A listed smoke damper designed to resist the passage of smoke shall be provided at each point a duct or air transfer opening penetrates a fire wall that serves as a horizontal exit.

    716.5.2Fire barriers. Ducts and air transfer openings of fire barriers shall be protected with approved fire dampers installed in accordance with their listing. Ducts and air transfer openings shall not penetrate exit enclosures and exit passageways except as permitted by Sections 1022.4 and 1023.6,  respectively.

    Exception: Fire dampers are not required at penetrations of fire barriers where any of the following apply:

    1.      Penetrations are tested in accordance with ASTM E 119 or UL 263 as part of the fire-resistance-rated assembly.

    2.      Ducts are used as part of an approved smoke control system in accordance with Section 909 and where the use of a fire damper  would interfere with the operation of a smoke control system.

    3.      Such walls are penetrated by ducted HVAC systems, have a required fire-resistance rating of 1 hour or less, are in areas of  other than Group H and are in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with  Section  903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. For the purposes of this exception, a ducted  HVAC system shall be a duct system for conveying supply, return  or exhaust air as part of the structure's HVAC system. Such a duct system shall be constructed of sheet steel not less than No. 26 gage

    thickness and shall be continuous from the air-handling appliance or equipment to the air outlet and inlet terminals.

    716.5.2.1Horizontal exits. A listed smoke damper designed to resist the passage of smoke shall be provided at each point a duct or air transfer opening penetrates a fire barrier that serves as a horizontal exit.

    716.5.3Shaft enclosures. Shaft enclosures that are permitted to be penetrated  by ducts and air transfer openings shall be protected with approved fire and smoke dampers installed in accordance with their listing.

    Exceptions:

    1.Fire dampers are not required at penetrations of shafts where:

    1.1.Steel exhaust subducts are extended at least 22 inches (559 mm)  vertically in exhaust shafts, provided there is a continuous airflow upward to the outside; or

    1.2.Penetrations are tested in accordance with ASTM E 119 or UL 263 as part of the fire-resistance-rated assembly; or

    1.3.Ducts are used as part of an approved smoke control system designed and installed in accordance with Section 909 and where the fire damper will interfere with the operation of the smoke control system; or

    1.4.The penetrations are in parking garage exhaust or supply shafts  that are separated from other building shafts by not less than 2- hour fire-resistance-rated construction.

    2.      In Group B and R occupancies equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1,  smoke dampers are not required at penetrations of shafts where:

    2.1.Kitchen, clothes dryer, bathroom and toilet room exhaust openings are installed with steel exhaust subducts, having a minimum wall thickness of 0.187-inch (0.4712 mm) (No. 26  gage);

    2.2.The subducts extend at least 22 inches (559 mm) vertically;

    and

    2.3 An exhaust fan is installed at the upper terminus of the shaft that is powered continuously in accordance with the provisions of Section 909.11, so as to maintain a continuous upward  airflow to the outside.

    3.      Smoke dampers are not required at penetration of exhaust or  supply shafts in parking garages that are separated from other building shafts by not less than 2-hour fire-resistance-rated construction.

    4.      Smoke dampers are not required at penetrations of shafts where ducts are used as part of an approved mechanical smoke control system designed in accordance with Section 909 and where the smoke damper will interfere with the operation of the smoke control system.

    5.      Fire dampers and combination fire/smoke dampers are not required in kitchen and clothes dryer exhaust systems when installed in accordance with the mechanical code.

    716.5.4Fire partitions. Ducts and air transfer openings that penetrate fire partitions shall be protected with listed fire dampers installed in accordance with their listing.

    Exceptions: In occupancies other than Group H, fire dampers are not required where any of the following apply:

    1.Corridor walls in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2  and the duct is protected as a through penetration in accordance with Section 713.

    2.Tenant partitions in covered mall buildings where the walls are not required by provisions elsewhere in the code to extend to the underside of the floor or roof sheathing, slab or deck above.

    3.The duct system is constructed of  approved  materials  in accordance with the mechanical code and the duct penetrating the wall complies with all of the following requirements:

    3.1.      The duct shall not exceed 100 square inches (0.06 m2).

    3.2.The duct shall be constructed of steel a minimum of 0.0217  inch (0.55 mm) in thickness.

    3.3.The  duct  shall  not  have  openings  that  communicate  the corridor with adjacent spaces or rooms.

    3.4.The duct shall be installed above a ceiling.

    3.5.The duct shall not terminate at a wall register in the fire-  resistance-rated wall.

    3.6.A minimum 12-inch-long (305 mm)  by  0.060-inch-thick  (1.52 mm) steel sleeve shall be centered in each duct opening. The sleeve shall be secured to both sides of the wall and all four sides of the sleeve with minimum 1 ½-inch by  1½-inch by 0.060-inch (38 mm by 38 mm by 1.52 mm) steel retaining angles. The retaining angles shall be secured to the sleeve and the wall with No. 10 (M5) screws. The annular space between the steel sleeve and the wall opening shall be  filled with mineral wool batting on all sides.

    716.5.4.1Corridors. A listed smoke damper designed to resist the passage of smoke shall be provided at each point a duct or air transfer opening penetrates a corridor enclosure required to have smoke and draft control doors in accordance with Section 715.4.3.

    Exceptions:

    1.Smoke dampers are not required where the building is equipped throughout with an approved smoke control system in accordance with Section 909, and smoke dampers are not necessary for the operation and control of  the system.

    2.Smoke dampers are not required in corridor penetrations where the duct is constructed of steel not less than 0.019 inch (0.48 mm) in thickness and there are no openings serving the corridor.

    716.5.5Smoke barriers. A listed smoke damper designed to resist the passage of smoke shall be provided at each point a duct or air transfer opening  penetrates a smoke barrier. Smoke dampers and smoke damper actuation methods shall comply with Section 716.3.3.2.

    Exception: Smoke dampers are not required where the openings in ducts are limited to a single smoke compartment and the ducts are constructed of  steel.

    716.5.6Exterior walls. Ducts and air transfer openings in fire-resistance- rated exterior walls required to have protected openings in accordance with Section 705.10 shall be protected with listed fire dampers installed in accordance with their listing.

    716.5.7Smoke partitions. A listed smoke damper designed to resist the passage of smoke shall be provided at each point that an air transfer opening penetrates a smoke partition. Smoke dampers and smoke damper actuation methods shall comply with Section 716.3.3.2.

    Exception: Where the installation of a smoke damper will interfere with the operation of a required smoke control system in accordance with Section 909, approved alternative protection shall be utilized.

    716.6Horizontal assemblies. Penetrations by ducts and air transfer openings of a  floor, floor/ceiling assembly or the ceiling membrane of a roof/ceiling assembly shall be protected by a shaft enclosure that complies with Section 708 or shall comply with Sections 716.6.1 through 716.6.3.

    716.6.1Through penetrations. In occupancies other than Groups I-2 and I-3,  a duct constructed of approved materials in accordance with the mechanical code that  penetrates a fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling assembly that connects not more than two stories is permitted without shaft enclosure protection, provided a listed fire damper is installed at the floor line or the duct is protected in accordance with Section 713.4. For air transfer openings, see Exception 7 to Section 708.2.

    Exception: A duct is permitted to penetrate three floors or less without a fire damper at each floor, provided such duct meets all of the following requirements:

    1.The duct shall be contained and located within the cavity of a wall and shall be constructed of steel having a minimum wall thickness  of 0.0187 inches (0.4712 mm) (No. 26 gage).

    2.The duct shall open into only one dwelling or sleeping unit and the duct system shall be continuous from the unit to the exterior of the building.

    3.The duct shall not exceed 4-inch (102 mm) nominal diameter and the total area of such ducts shall not exceed 100 square inches (0.065 m2) in any 100 square feet (9.3 m2) of floor area.

    4.The annular space around the duct is protected with materials that prevent the passage of flame and hot gases sufficient to ignite cotton waste where subjected to ASTM E 119 or UL 263 time- temperature conditions under a minimum positive pressure  differential of 0.01 inch (2.49 Pa) of water at the location of the penetration for the time period equivalent to the fire-resistance rating of the construction penetrated.

    5.Grille openings located in a ceiling of a fire-resistance-rated  floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly shall be protected with a listed ceiling radiation damper installed in accordance with Section 716.6.2.1.

    716.6.2Membrane penetrations. Ducts and air transfer openings constructed  of approved materials in accordance with the mechanical code that penetrate the ceiling membrane of a fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling  assembly shall be protected with one of the following:

    1.A shaft enclosure in accordance with Section 708.

    2.A listed ceiling radiation damper installed at the ceiling line where a duct penetrates the ceiling of a fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or  roof/ceiling assembly.

    3.A listed ceiling radiation damper installed at the ceiling line where a diffuser with no duct attached penetrates the ceiling of a fire-  resistance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly.

    716.6.2.1Ceiling radiation dampers. Ceiling radiation dampers shall be tested as part of a fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly in accordance with ASTM E 119 or UL 263. Ceiling radiation dampers shall be installed in accordance with the details listed in the fire- resistance-rated assembly and the manufacturer's installation instructions  and the listing. Ceiling radiation dampers are not required where either of  the following applies:

    1.Tests in accordance with ASTM E 119 or UL 263 have shown that ceiling radiation dampers are not necessary in order to maintain the fire-resistance rating of the assembly.

    2.Where exhaust duct penetrations are protected in accordance with Section 713.4.1.2, are located within the cavity of a wall and do  not pass through another dwelling unit or tenant space.

    716.6.3Nonfire-resistance-rated floor assemblies. Duct systems constructed  of approved materials in accordance with the mechanical code that penetrate nonfire-resistance-rated floor assemblies shall be protected by any of the following methods:

    1.A shaft enclosure in accordance with Section 708.

    2.The duct connects not more than two stories, and the annular space around the penetrating duct is protected with an approved noncombustible material that resists the free passage of flame and the products of combustion.

    3.The duct connects not more than three stories, and the annular space around the penetrating duct is protected with an approved noncombustible material that resists the free passage of flame and the products of combustion and a fire damper is installed at each floor line.

    Exception: Fire dampers are not required in ducts within individual residential dwelling units.

    716.7 Flexible ducts and air connectors. Flexible ducts and air connectors shall not pass through any fire-resistance-rated assembly. Flexible air connectors shall not pass through any wall, floor or ceiling.

    SECTION 717 CONCEALED SPACES

    717.1General. Fireblocking and draftstopping shall be installed in combustible concealed locations in accordance with this section. Fireblocking shall comply with Section 717.2. Draftstopping in floor/ceiling spaces and attic spaces shall comply with Sections 717.3 and 717.4, respectively. The permitted use of  combustible materials in concealed spaces of buildings of Type I or II  construction shall be limited to the applications indicated in Section 717.5.

    717.2Fireblocking. In combustible construction, fireblocking shall be installed to cut off concealed draft openings (both vertical and horizontal) and shall form an effective barrier between floors, between a top story and a roof or attic space. Fireblocking shall be installed in the locations specified in Sections 717.2.2  through 717.2.7.

    717.2.1Fireblocking materials. Fireblocking shall consist of the following materials:

    1.Two-inch (51 mm) nominal lumber.

    2.Two thicknesses of 1-inch (25 mm) nominal lumber with broken lap joints.

    3.One thickness of 0.719-inch (18.3 mm) wood structural panels with joints backed by 0.719-inch (18.3 mm) wood structural panels.

    4.One thickness of 0.75-inch (19.1 mm) particleboard with joints backed  by 0.75-inch (19 mm) particleboard.

    5.One-half-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board.

    6.One-fourth-inch (6.4 mm) cement-based millboard.

    7.Batts or blankets of mineral wool, mineral fiber or other approved materials installed in such a manner as to be securely retained in place.

    717.2.1.1Batts or blankets of mineral wool or mineral fiber. Batts or  blankets of mineral wool or mineral fiber or other approved nonrigid materials shall be permitted for compliance with the 10-foot (3048 mm)

    horizontal fireblocking in walls constructed using parallel rows of studs or  staggered studs.

    717.2.1.2Unfaced fiberglass. Unfaced fiberglass batt insulation used as fireblocking shall fill the entire cross section of the wall cavity to a minimum height of 16 inches (406 mm) measured vertically. When piping, conduit or similar obstructions are encountered, the insulation shall be packed tightly around the obstruction.

    717.2.1.3Loose-fill insulation material. Loose-fill insulation material,  insulating foam sealants and caulk materials shall not be used as a  fireblock unless specifically tested in the form and manner intended for use to demonstrate its ability to remain in place and to retard the spread of  fire and hot gases.

    717.2.1.4Fireblocking  integrity.  The  integrity  of  fireblocks  shall  be maintained.

    717.2.1.5Double stud walls. Batts or blankets of mineral or glass fiber or  other approved nonrigid materials shall be allowed as fireblocking in walls constructed using parallel rows of studs or staggered studs.

    717.2.2Concealed wall spaces. Fireblocking shall be provided in concealed spaces of stud walls and partitions, including furred spaces, and parallel rows of studs or staggered studs, as follows:

    1.Vertically at the ceiling and floor levels.

    2.Horizontally at intervals not exceeding 10 feet (3048 mm).

    717.2.3Connections between horizontal and vertical spaces. Fireblocking shall be provided at interconnections between concealed vertical stud wall or  partition spaces and concealed horizontal spaces created by an assembly of  floor joists or trusses, and between concealed vertical and horizontal spaces  such as occur at soffits, drop ceilings, cove ceilings and similar locations.

    717.2.4Stairways. Fireblocking shall be provided in concealed spaces between stair stringers at the top and bottom of the run. Enclosed spaces under stairs shall also comply with Section 1009.6.3.

    717.2.5Ceiling and floor openings. Where required by Exception 6 of  Section 708.2, Exception 1 of Section 713.4.1.2 or Section 713.4.2,  fireblocking of the annular space around vents, pipes, ducts, chimneys and  fireplaces at ceilings and floor levels shall be installed with a material specifically tested in the form and manner intended for use to demonstrate its ability to remain in place and resist the free passage of flame and the products  of combustion.

    717.2.5.1 Factory-built chimneys and fireplaces. Factory-built chimneys  and fireplaces shall be fireblocked in accordance with UL 103 and UL 127.

    717.2.6Architectural trim. Fireblocking shall be installed within concealed spaces of exterior wall finish and other exterior architectural elements where permitted to be of combustible construction as specified in Section 1406 or  where erected with combustible frames, at maximum intervals of 20 feet  (6096 mm), so that there will be no open space exceeding 100 square feet (9.3 m3). Where wood furring strips are used, they shall be of approved wood of  natural decay resistance or preservative-treated wood. If noncontinuous, such  elements shall have closed ends, with at least 4 inches (102 mm) of separation between sections.

    Exceptions:

    1.Deleted.

    2.Fireblocking shall not be required where installed on  noncombustible framing and the face of the exterior wall finish exposed to the concealed space is covered by one of the following materials:

    2.1.Aluminum having a minimum thickness of 0.019 inch (0.5  mm).

    2.2.Corrosion-resistant steel having a base metal thickness not less  than 0.016 inch (0.4 mm) at any point.

    2.3.Other approved noncombustible materials.

    717.2.7Concealed sleeper spaces. Where wood sleepers are used for laying  wood flooring on masonry or concrete fire-resistance-rated floors, the space between the floor slab and the underside of the wood flooring shall be filled

    with an approved material to resist the free passage of flame and products of  combustion or fireblocked in such a manner that there will be no open spaces under the flooring that will exceed 100 square feet (9.3 m2) in area and such  space shall be filled solidly under permanent partitions so that there is no  communication under the flooring between adjoining rooms.

    Exceptions:

    1.Fireblocking   is   not   required   for   slab-on-grade   floors   in  gymnasiums.

    2.Fireblocking is required only at the juncture of each alternate lane and at the ends of each lane in a bowling facility.

    717.3Draftstopping in floors. In combustible construction, draftstopping shall be installed to subdivide floor/ceiling assemblies in the locations prescribed in Sections 717.3.2 through 717.3.3.

    717.3.1Draftstopping materials. Draftstopping materials shall not be less than ½-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board, 3/8-inch (9.5 mm) wood structural panel, 3/8-inch (9.5 mm) particleboard, 1-inch (25-mm) nominal lumber, cement fiberboard, batts or blankets of mineral wool or glass fiber, or other approved materials adequately supported. The integrity of draftstops shall be maintained.

    717.3.2Groups R. Draftstopping shall be provided in floor/ceiling spaces in  Group R buildings. Draftstopping shall be located above and in line with the dwelling unit and sleeping unit separations.

    Exceptions:

    1.Draftstopping is not required in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section  903.3.1.1.

    2.Draftstopping is not required in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section  903.3.1.2, provided that automatic sprinklers are also installed in the combustible concealed spaces.

    717.3.3Other groups. In other groups, draftstopping shall be installed so that horizontal floor areas do not exceed 1,000 square feet (93 m2).

    Exception: Draftstopping is not required in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    717.4Draftstopping in attics. In combustible construction, draftstopping shall be installed to subdivide attic spaces and concealed roof spaces in the locations prescribed in Sections 717.4.2 and 717.4.3. Ventilation of concealed roof spaces shall be maintained in accordance with Section 1203.2.

    717.4.1Draftstopping materials. Materials utilized for draftstopping of attic spaces shall comply with Section 717.3.1.

    717.4.1.1 Openings. Openings in the partitions shall be protected by self- closing doors with automatic latches constructed as required for the partitions.

    717.4.2Groups R-1 and R-2. Draftstopping shall be provided in attics, mansards, overhangs or other concealed roof spaces of Group R-1 and Group R-2 buildings. Draftstopping shall be installed above, and in line with, sleeping unit and dwelling unit separation walls that do not extend to the underside of the roof sheathing above.

    Exceptions:

    1.Where corridor walls provide a sleeping unit or dwelling unit separation, draftstopping shall only be required above one of the corridor walls.

    2.Draftstopping is not required in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section  903.3.1.1.

    3.In occupancies in Group R-2 that do not exceed four stories above grade plane, the attic space shall be subdivided by draftstops into areas not exceeding 3,000 square feet (279 m2) or above every two  dwelling units, whichever is smaller.

    4.Draftstopping is not required in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section

    903.3.1.2, provided that automatic sprinklers are also installed in the combustible concealed spaces.

    717.4.3 Other groups. Draftstopping shall be installed in attics and concealed  roof spaces, such that any horizontal area does not exceed 3,000 square feet (279 m2).

    Exception: Draftstopping is not required in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    717.5Combustible materials in concealed spaces in Type I or II construction.  Combustible materials shall not be permitted in concealed spaces of buildings of   Type I or II construction.

    Exceptions:

    1.Combustible materials in accordance with Section 603.

    2.Combustible  materials  exposed  within  plenums  complying  with Section 602 of the mechanical code.

    3.Class A interior finish materials classified in accordance with Section  803.

    4.Combustible piping within partitions or shaft enclosures installed in accordance with the provisions of this code.

    5.Combustible  piping  within  concealed  ceiling  spaces  installed  in accordance with the mechanical code and the plumbing code.

    6.Combustible insulation and covering on pipe and tubing, installed in concealed spaces other than plenums, complying with Section 719.7.

    SECTION 718

    FIRE-RESISTANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PLASTER

    718.1Thickness of plaster. The minimum thickness of gypsum plaster or  portland cement plaster used in a fire-resistance-rated system shall be determined  by the prescribed fire tests. The plaster thickness shall be measured from the face  of the lath where applied to gypsum lath or metal lath.

    718.2Plaster equivalents. For fire-resistance purposes, ½ inch (12.7 mm) of  unsanded gypsum plaster shall be deemed equivalent to ¾ inch (19.1 mm) of one- to-three gypsum sand plaster or 1 inch (25 mm) of portland cement sand plaster.

    718.3Noncombustible furring. In buildings of Type I and  II  construction, plaster shall be applied directly on concrete or masonry or on approved noncombustible plastering base and furring.

    718.4Double reinforcement. Plaster protection more than 1 inch (25 mm) in thickness shall be reinforced with an additional layer of approved lath embedded at least ¾ inch (19.1 mm) from the outer surface and fixed securely in place.

    Exception: Solid plaster partitions or where otherwise determined by fire tests.

    718.5Plaster alternatives for concrete. In reinforced concrete construction, gypsum plaster or portland cement plaster is permitted to be substituted for ½ inch  (12.7 mm) of the required poured concrete protection, except that a minimum thickness of 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) of poured concrete shall be provided in reinforced concrete floors and 1 inch (25 mm) in reinforced concrete columns in addition to the plaster finish. The concrete base shall be prepared in accordance with Section  2510.7.

    SECTION 719

    THERMAL- AND SOUND-INSULATING MATERIALS

    719.1General. Insulating materials, including facings such as vapor retarders and vapor-permeable membranes, similar coverings and all layers of single and  multilayer reflective foil insulations, shall comply with the requirements of this section. Where a flame spread index or a smoke-developed index is specified in this section, such index shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723. Any material that is subject to an increase in flame spread index or  smoke-developed index beyond the limits herein established through the effects of  age, moisture or other atmospheric conditions shall not be permitted.

    Exceptions:

    1.Fiberboard insulation shall comply with Chapter 23.

    2.Foam plastic insulation shall comply with Chapter 26.

    3.Duct and pipe insulation and duct and pipe coverings and linings in plenums shall comply with the mechanical code.

    4.All layers of single and multilayer reflective plastic core insulation shall comply with Section 2613.

    719.2Concealed installation. Insulating materials, where concealed as installed in buildings of any type of construction, shall have a flame spread index of not more than 25 and a smoke-developed index of not more than 450.

    Exception: Cellulose loose-fill insulation that is not spray applied, complying with the requirements of Section 719.6, shall only be required to meet the smoke-developed index of not more than 450.

    719.2.1 Facings. Where such materials are installed in concealed spaces in buildings of Type III, IV or V construction, the flame spread and smoke-  developed limitations do not apply to facings, coverings, and layers of  reflective foil insulation that are installed behind and in substantial contact with the unexposed surface of the ceiling, wall or floor finish.

    Exception:  All  layers  of  single  and  multilayer  reflective  plastic  core insulation shall comply with Section 2613.

    719.3Exposed installation. Insulating materials, where exposed as installed in buildings of any type of construction, shall have a flame spread index of not more than 25 and a smoke-developed index of not more than 450.

    Exception: Cellulose loose-fill insulation that is not spray applied complying with the requirements of Section 719.6 shall only be required to meet the smoke-developed index of not more than 450.

    719.3.1 Attic floors. Exposed insulation materials installed on attic floors  shall have a critical radiant flux of not less than 0.12 watt per square centimeter when tested in accordance with ASTM E 970.

    719.4Loose-fill insulation. Loose-fill insulation materials that cannot be mounted in the ASTM E 84 or UL 723 apparatus without a screen or artificial  supports shall comply  with the  flame spread and  smoke-developed  limits of  Sections 719.2 and 719.3 when tested in accordance with CAN/ULC S102.2.

    Exception: Cellulose loose-fill insulation shall not be required to be tested in accordance with CAN/ULC S102.2, provided such insulation complies with the requirements of Section 719.2 or 719.3, as applicable, and Section 719.6.

    719.5Roof insulation. The use of combustible roof insulation not complying with Sections 719.2 and 719.3 shall be permitted in any type of construction provided it is covered with approved roof coverings directly applied thereto.

    719.6Cellulose loose-fill insulation. Cellulose loose-fill insulation shall comply with CPSC 16 CFR, Part 1209 and CPSC 16 CFR, Part 1404. Each package of such insulating material shall be clearly labeled in accordance with CPSC 16 CFR, Part 1209 and CPSC 16 CFR, Part 1404.

    719.7Insulation and covering on pipe and tubing. Insulation and covering on  pipe and tubing shall have a flame spread index of not more than 25 and a smoke- developed index of not more than 450.

    Exceptions:

    1.      Insulation and covering on pipe and tubing installed in plenums shall comply with the mechanical code.

    2.  Materials installed for protection against heat and sharp edges to comply with the accessibility provisions.

    SECTION 720 PRESCRIPTIVE FIRE RESISTANCE

    720.1General. The provisions of this section contain prescriptive details of fire- resistance-rated building elements, components or assemblies. The materials of  construction listed in Tables 720.1(1), 720.1(2), and 720.1(3) shall be assumed to have the fire-resistance ratings prescribed therein. Where materials that change the capacity for heat dissipation are incorporated into a fire-resistance-rated assembly, fire test results or other substantiating data shall be made available to the building official to show that the required fire-resistance-rating time period is not reduced.

    720.1.1Thickness of protective coverings. The thickness of fire-resistant materials required for protection of structural members shall be not less than set forth in Table 720.1(1), except as modified in this section. The figures shown shall be the net thickness of the protecting materials and shall not include any hollow space in back of the protection.

    720.1.2Unit masonry protection. Where required, metal ties shall be embedded in bed joints of unit masonry for protection of steel columns. Such  ties shall be as set forth in Table 720.1(1) or be equivalent thereto.

    720.1.3Reinforcement for cast-in-place concrete column protection. Cast- in-place concrete protection for steel columns shall be reinforced at the edges  of such members  with wire  ties of not  less than  0.18 inch (4.6  mm) in diameter wound spirally around the columns on a pitch of not more than 8  inches (203 mm) or by equivalent reinforcement.

    720.1.4Plaster application. The finish coat is not required for plaster protective coatings where they comply with the design mix and thickness requirements of Tables 720.1(1), 720.1(2) and 720.1(3).

    720.1.5Bonded prestressed concrete tendons. For members having a single tendon or more than one tendon installed with equal concrete cover measured from the nearest surface, the cover shall not be less than that set forth in Table  720.1(1). For members having multiple tendons installed with variable concrete cover, the average tendon cover shall not be less than that set forth in Table 720.1(1), provided:

    1.The clearance from each tendon to the nearest exposed surface is used to determine the average cover.

    2.In no case can the clear cover for individual tendons be less than one- half of that set forth in Table 720.1(1). A minimum cover of ¾ inch  (19.1 mm) for slabs and 1 inch (25 mm) for beams is required for any aggregate concrete.

    3.For the purpose of establishing a fire-resistance rating, tendons having a  clear covering less than that set forth in Table 720.1(1) shall not contribute more than 50 percent  of the required ultimate moment capacity for members less than 350 square inches (0.226 m2) in cross-  sectional area and 65 percent for larger members. For structural design  purposes, however, tendons having a reduced cover are assumed to be fully effective.

    TABLE 720.1(1)

    MINIMUM PROTECTION OF STRUCTURAL PARTS BASED ON TIME PERIODS FOR VARIOUS NONCOMBUSTIBLE INSULATING MATERIALSm

     

     

     

     

    STRUCTURAL PARTS TO BE PROTECTED

     

     

     

     

     

    ITEM  NUMBER

     

     

     

     

     

     

    INSULATING MATERIAL USED

    MINIMUM THICKNESS OF  INSULATING MATERIAL  FOR THE FOLLOWING  FIRE-RESISTANCE

    PERIODS (inches)

    4  hour

    3  hour

    2  hour

    1  hour

    1. Steel columns and all of  primary trusses

    1-1.1

    Carbonate, lightweight and sand-lightweight aggregate concrete, members  6"x 6" or greater (not including sandstone, granite and siliceous gravel).a

    2

    1

    1-1.2

    Carbonate, lightweight and sand-lightweight aggregate concrete, members  8"x 8" or greater (not including sandstone, granite and siliceous gravel).a

    2

    1 ½

    1

    1

    1-1.3

    Carbonate, lightweight and sand-lightweight aggregate concrete, members  12"x 12" or greater (not including sandstone, granite and siliceous gravel).a

    1

    1

    1

    1-1.4

    Siliceous aggregate concrete and concrete excluded in Item 1-1.1, members  6"x 6" or greater.a

    3

    2

    1

    1-1.5

    Siliceous aggregate concrete and concrete excluded in Item 1-1.1, members  8"x 8" or greater.a

    2

    1

    1

    1-1.6

    Siliceous aggregate concrete and concrete excluded in Item 1-1.1, members  12"x 12" or greater.a

    2

    1

    1

    1

    1-2.1

    Clay or shale brick with brick and mortar fill.a

    -

    -

    1-3.1

    4" hollow clay tile in two 2" layers; ½" mortar between tile and column; 3/8" metal mesh 0.046" wire diameter in horizontal joints; tile fill.a

    4

    -

    -

    -

     

    1-3.2

    2" hollow clay tile; ¾" mortar between tile and column; 3/8" metal mesh  0.046" wire diameter in horizontal joints; limestone concrete fill;a plastered  with ¾" gypsum plaster.

     

    3

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    1-3.3

    2" hollow clay tile with outside wire ties 0.08" diameter at each course of tile or 3/8" metal mesh 0.046" diameter wire in horizontal joints; limestone  or trap-rock concrete filla extending 1" outside column on all sides.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    3

     

    -

    1-3.4

    2" hollow clay tile with outside wire ties 0.08" diameter at each course of  tile with or without concrete fill; ¾" mortar between tile and column.

    -

    -

    -

    2

     

    1-4.1

    Cement plaster over metal lath wire tied to ¾" cold-rolled vertical channels with 0.049 (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire ties spaced 3" to 6" on center. Plaster  mixed 1:2 ½ by volume, cement to sand.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    b

     

    7/8

     

     

    1-5.1

    Vermiculite concrete, 1:4 mix by volume over paperbacked wire fabric lath wrapped directly around column with additional 2"x 2" 0.065"/0.065" (No.   16/16 B.W. gage) wire fabric placed ¾" from outer concrete surface. Wire fabric tied with 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire spaced 6" on center for  inner layer and 2" on center for outer layer.

     

     

    2

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

    1-6.1

    Perlite or vermiculite gypsum plaster over metal lath wrapped around   column and furred 1¼" from column flanges. Sheets lapped at ends and tied at 6" intervals with 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) tie wire. Plaster pushed   through to flanges.

     

     

    1

     

    -

     

    -

     

    1-6.2

    Perlite or vermiculite gypsum plaster over self-furring metal lath wrapped directly around column, lapped 1" and tied at 6" intervals with 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire.

     

     

    13/8

     

    1

     

    -

    1-6.3

    Perlite or vermiculite gypsum plaster on metal lath applied to ¾" cold-rolled channels spaced 24" apart vertically and wrapped flatwise around column.

    -

    -

    -

     

     

     

    1-6.4

    Perlite or vermiculite gypsum plaster over two layers of ½" plain full-length  gypsum lath applied tight to column flanges. Lath wrapped with 1" hexagonal mesh of No. 20 gage wire and tied with doubled 0.035" diameter  (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire ties spaced 23" on center. For three-coat work, the plaster mix for the second coat shall not exceed 100 pounds of gypsum to   cubic feet of aggregate for the 3-hour system.

     

     

     

     

    2

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

    1. Steel columns and all of primary trusses (continued)

     

     

    1-6.5

    Perlite or vermiculate gypsum plaster over one layer of ½" plain full-length  gypsum lath applied tight to column flanges. Lath tied with doubled 0.049"  (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire ties spaced 23" on center and scratch coat wrapped with 1" hexagonal mesh 0.035" (No. 20 B.W. gage) wire fabric. For three- coat work, the plaster mix for the second coat shall not exceed 100 pounds of gypsum to cubic feet of aggregate.

     

     

    -

     

     

    2

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    1-7.1

    Multiple layers of ½" gypsum wallboardc adhesivelyd secured to column  flanges and successive layers. Wallboard applied without horizontal joints.   Corner edges of each layer staggered. Wallboard layer below outer layer  secured to column with doubled 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) steel wire ties   spaced 15" on center. Exposed corners taped and treated.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    2

     

     

    1

     

     

    1-7.2

    Three layers of 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboard.c First and second layer held in place by 1/8" diameter by 13/8" long ring shank nails with 5/16" diameter heads spaced 24" on center at corners. Middle layer also secured with metal  straps at mid-height and 18" from each end, and by metal corner bead at

    each corner held by the metal straps. Third layer attached to corner bead with 1" long gypsum wallboard screws spaced 12" on center.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    17/8

     

     

    -

     

     

    1-7.3

    Three layers of 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboard,c each layer screw attached to 15/8"steel studs 0.018" thick (No. 25 carbon sheet steel gage) at each corner  of column. Middle layer also secured with 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) double-strand steel wire ties, 24" on center. Screws are No. 6 by 1" spaced  24" on center for inner layer, No. 6 by 15/8" spaced 12" on center for middle layer and No. 8 by 2¼" spaced 12" on center for outer layer.

     

     

    -

     

     

    17/8

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    1-8.1

    Wood-fibered gypsum plaster mixed 1:1 by weight gypsum-to-sand   aggregate applied over metal lath. Lath lapped 1" and tied 6" on center at all end, edges and spacers with 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) steel tie wires. Lath   applied over ½" spacers made of ¾" furring channel with 2" legs bent   around each corner. Spacers located 1" from top and bottom of member and a maximum of 40" on center and wire tied with a single strand of 0.049"  (No. 18 B.W. gage) steel tie wires. Corner bead tied to the lath at 6" on  center along each corner to provide plaster thickness.

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    -

     

     

    1 5/8

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    1-9.1

    Minimum W8x35 wide flange steel column (w/d ? 0.75) with each web   cavity filled even with the flange tip with normal weight carbonate or  siliceous aggregate concrete (3,000 psi minimum compressive strength with  145 pcf ± 3 pcf unit weight). Reinforce the concrete in each web cavity with a minimum No. 4 deformed reinforcing bar installed vertically and centered   in the cavity, and secured to the column web with a minimum No. 2  horizontal deformed reinforcing bar welded to the web every 18" on center vertically. As an alternative to the No. 4 rebar, ¾" diameter by 3" long headed studs, spaced at 12" on center vertically, shall be welded on each  side of the web midway between the column flanges.

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    See   Note n

    2. Webs or flanges of steel   beams and   girders

     

     

    2-1.1

    Carbonate, lightweight and sand-lightweight aggregate concrete (not   including sandstone, granite and siliceous gravel) with 3" or finer metal mesh placed 1" from the finished surface anchored to the top flange and providing not less than 0.025 square inch of steel area per foot in each direction.

     

     

    2

     

     

     

     

    1

     

     

    1

     

     

    2-1.2

    Siliceous aggregate concrete and concrete excluded in Item 2-1.1 with 3" or  finer metal mesh placed 1" from the finished surface anchored to the top flange and providing not less than 0.025 square inch of steel area per foot in each direction.

     

     

    2

     

     

    1

     

    2-2.1

    Cement plaster on metal lath attached to ¾" cold-rolled channels with 0.04"  (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire ties spaced 3" to 6" on center. Plaster mixed 1:2½ by volume, cement to sand.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    b

     

    7/8

     

    2-3.1

    Vermiculite gypsum plaster on a metal lath cage, wire tied to 0.165" diameter (No. 8 B.W. gage) steel wire hangers wrapped around beam and  spaced 16" on center. Metal lath ties spaced approximately 5" on center at cage sides and bottom.

     

    -

     

    7/8

     

    -

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    2-4.1

    Two layers of 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboardc are attached to U-shaped

    brackets spaced 24" on center. 0.018" thick (No. 25 carbon sheet steel gage)  15/8" deep by 1" galvanized steel runner channels are first installed parallel   to and on each side of the top beam flange to provide a ½" clearance to the flange. The channel runners are attached to steel deck or concrete floor  construction with approved fasteners spaced 12" on center. U-shaped   brackets are formed from members identical to the channel runners. At the bent portion of the U-shaped bracket, the flanges of the channel are cut out so that 15/8" deep corner channels can be inserted without attachment   parallel to each side of the lower flange. As an alternate, 0.021" thick (No.  24 carbon sheet steel gage) 1"x 2" runner and corner angles may be used in   lieu of channels, and the web cutouts in the U-shaped brackets may be   omitted. Each angle is attached to the bracket with ½"-long No. 8 self- drilling screws. The vertical legs of the U-shaped bracket are attached to the  runners with one ½" long No. 8 self-drilling screw. The completed steel  framing provides a 21/8" and 1½" space between the inner layer of wallboard  and the sides and bottom of the steel beam, respectively. The inner layer of  wallboard is attached to the top runners and bottom corner channels or   corner angles with 1¼"-long No. 6 self-drilling screws spaced 16" on center.  The outer layer of wallboard is applied with 1¾"-long No. 6 self-drilling  screws spaced 8" on center. The bottom corners are reinforced with metal corner beads.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    2-4.2

    Three layers of 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboardc attached to a steel

    suspension system as described immediately above utilizing the 0.018" thick (No. 25 carbon sheet steel gage) 1"x 2" lower corner angles. The framing is located so that a 21/8" and 2" space is provided between the inner layer of  wallboard and the sides and bottom of the beam, respectively. The first two  layers of wallboard are attached as described immediately above. A layer of   0.035" thick (No. 20 B.W. gage) 1" hexagonal galvanized wire mesh is applied under the soffit of the middle layer and up the sides approximately  2". The mesh is held in position with the No. 6 15/8"-long screws installed in the vertical leg of the bottom corner angles. The outer layer of wallboard is attached with No. 6 2¼"-long screws spaced 8" on center. One screw is also  installed at the mid-depth of the bracket in each layer. Bottom corners are finished as described above.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    17/8

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

    3. Bonded pretensioned reinforcement in prestressed  concretee

     

     

    3-1.1

    Carbonate, lightweight, sand-lightweight and siliceousf aggregate concrete Beams or girders

     

    Solid slabsh

    4g

    3g

     

     

    2

     

     

     

     

     

     

    1

     

     

     

    4. Bonded or unbonded post- tensioned

     

     

    4-1.1

    Carbonate, lightweight, sand-lightweight and siliceousf aggregate concrete Unrestrained members:

    Solid slabsh  Beams and girdersj

    8" wide

    greater than 12" wide

    - 3

     

     

    2

     

     

     

     

    2

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    4-1.2

    Carbonate, lightweight, sand-lightweight and siliceous aggregate

     

     

     

     

    1

     

     

    ¾

     

     

    -

    tendons in

    prestressed

    Restrained members:k

    concretee, i

    Solid slabsh

    Beams and girdersj

    8" wide

    2

    -

    greater than 12" wide

    2

    -

    5. Reinforcing

     

     

     

    5-1.1

     

    Carbonate, lightweight and sand-lightweight aggregate concrete, members

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    steel in

    reinforced

    12" or larger, square or round. (Size limit does not apply to beams and

    concrete

    girders monolithic with floors.)

    columns, beams

    Siliceous aggregate concrete, members 12" or larger, square or round. (Size

     

     

     

     

    girders and

    limit does not apply to beams and girders monolithic with floors.)

    2

    trusses

    6. Reinforcing

     

    6-1.1

     

    Carbonate, lightweight and sand-lightweight aggregate concrete. Siliceous

     

     

     

    1

     

    ¾

    steel in

    reinforced

    6-1.2

    aggregate concrete.

    1

    ¾

    concrete joistsl

    7. Reinforcing

     

    7-1.1

     

    Carbonate, lightweight and sand-lightweight aggregate concrete. Siliceous

     

    1

     

    1

     

    ¾  

     

    ¾

    and tie rods in

    floor and roof

    7-1.2

    aggregate concrete.

    1

    1

    ¾

    slabsl

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square inch = 645.2 mm2, 1 cubic foot = 0.0283 m3, 1 pound per cubic foot = 16.02 kg/m3. a. Reentrant parts of protected members to be filled solidly.

    b.Two layers of equal thickness with a ¾ -inch airspace between.

    c.For all of the construction with gypsum wallboard described in Table 720.1(1), gypsum base for veneer plaster of the same size, thickness and core type shall be permitted to be substituted for gypsum wallboard, provided attachment is identical to that specified for the wallboard and the joints on the face layer are reinforced, and the entire surface is covered with a minimum of 1/16-inch gypsum veneer plaster.

    d.An approved adhesive qualified under ASTM E 119 or UL 263.

    e.Where lightweight or sand-lightweight concrete having an oven-dry weight of 110 pounds per cubic foot or less is used, the tabulated minimum cover shall be permitted to be reduced 25 percent, except that in no case shall the cover be less than ¾ inch in slabs or 1 ½ inches in beams or girders.

    f.For solid slabs of siliceous aggregate concrete, increase tendon cover 20 percent.

    g. Adequate provisions against spalling shall be provided by U-shaped or hooped stirrups spaced not to exceed the depth of the member with a clear cover of 1 inch.

    h.Prestressed slabs shall have a thickness not less than that required in Table 720.1(3) for the respective fire-resistance time period.

    i. Fire coverage and end anchorages shall be as follows: Cover to the prestressing steel at the anchor shall be ½ inch greater than that required away from the anchor. Minimum cover to steel-bearing plate shall be 1 inch in beams and ¾ inch in slabs.

    j.For beam widths between 8 inches and 12 inches, cover thickness shall be permitted to be determined by interpolation.  k. Interior spans of continuous slabs, beams and girders shall be permitted to be considered restrained.

    l. For use with concrete slabs having a comparable fire endurance where members are framed into the structure in such a manner as to provide equivalent performance to that of monolithic concrete construction.

    m.      Generic fire-resistance ratings (those not designated as PROPRIETARY* in the listing) in GA 600 shall be accepted as if herein listed.

    n.No additional insulating material is required on the exposed outside face of the column flange to achieve a 1-hour fire-

    resistance rating.

    TABLE 720.1(2)

     

     

    MATERIAL

     

    ITEM NUMBER

     

     

    CONSTRUCTION

    MINIMUM FINISHED THICKNESS FACE-TO-

    FACEb (inches)

    4

    hour

    3

    hour

    2

    hour

    1

    hour

    1. Brick of clay or

    shale

    1-1.1

    Solid brick of clay or shalec.

    6

    4.9

    3.8

    2.7

    1-1.2

    Hollow brick, not filled.

    5.0

    4.3

    3.4

    2.3

    1-1.3

    Hollow brick unit wall, grout or filled with perlite vermiculite or  expanded shale aggregate.

    6.6

    5.5

    4.4

    3.0

     

     

    1-2.1

    4" nominal thick units at least 75 percent solid backed with a hat-  shaped metal furring channel ¾" thick formed from 0.021" sheet metal attached to the brick wall on 24" centers with approved fasteners, and

    ½" Type X gypsum wallboard attached to the metal furring strips with   1"-long Type S screws spaced 8" on center.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    5d

     

     

    -

    2. Combination  of clay brick and load-bearing hollow clay tile

    2-1.1

    4" solid brick and 4" tile (at least 40 percent solid).

    -

    8

    -

    -

     

    2-1.2

     

    4" solid brick and 8" tile (at least 40 percent solid).

     

    12

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

     

    3. Concrete  masonry units

    3-1.1f, g

    Expanded slag or pumice.

    4.7

    4.0

    3.2

    2.1

    3-1.2f, g

    Expanded clay, shale or slate.

    5.1

    4.4

    3.6

    2.6

    3-1.3f

    Limestone, cinders or air-cooled slag.

    5.9

    5.0

    4.0

    2.7

    3-1.4f, g

    Calcareous or siliceous gravel.

    6.2

    5.3

    4.2

    2.8

     

     

    4. Solid concreteh, i

     

     

    4-1.1

    Siliceous aggregate concrete.

    7.0

    6.2

    5.0

    3.5

    Carbonate aggregate concrete.

    6.6

    5.7

    4.6

    3.2

    Sand-lightweight concrete.

    5.4

    4.6

    3.8

    2.7

    Lightweight concrete.

    5.1

    4.4

    3.6

    2.5

    5. Glazed or unglazed facing tile,  nonloadbearing

     

    5-1.1

    One 2" unit cored 15 percent maximum and one 4" unit cored 25   percent maximum with ¾" mortar-filled collar joint. Unit positions  reversed in alternate courses.

     

    -

     

    63/8

     

    -

     

    -

     

    5-1.2

    One 2" unit cored 15 percent maximum and one 4" unit cored 40   percent maximum with ¾" mortar-filled collar joint. Unit positions  side with ¾" gypsum plaster. Two wythes tied together every fourth course with No. 22 gage corrugated metal ties.

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

    -

    5-1.3

    One unit with three cells in wall thickness, cored 29 percent maximum.

    -

    -

    6

    -

     

    5-1.4

    One 2" unit cored 22 percent maximum and one 4" unit cored 41   percent maximum with ¼" mortar-filled collar joint. Two wythes tied together every third course with 0.030" (No. 22 galvanized sheet steel   gage) corrugated metal ties.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    6

     

    -

     

    One 4" unit cored 25 percent maximum with ¾" gypsum plaster on

     

     

     

     

     

     
    RATED FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS FOR VARIOUS WALLS AND PARTITIONS a, o, p

                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

    5-1.5

    -            -                  -

     

     

    one side.

     

     

     

     

     

    5-1.6

    One 4" unit with two cells in wall thickness, cored 22 percent maximum.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    4

    5-1.7

    One 4" unit cored 30 percent maximum with ¾" vermiculite gypsum   plaster on one side.

    -

    -

    -

     

    5-1.8

    One 4" unit cored 39 percent maximum with ¾" gypsum plaster on   one side.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    6. Solid gypsum plaster

     

     

    6-1.1

    ¾" by 0.055" (No. 16 carbon sheet steel gage) vertical cold-rolled   channels, 16" on center with 2.6-pound flat metal lath applied to one face and tied with 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. Gage) wire at 6"spacing.

    Gypsum plaster each side mixed 1:2 by weight, gypsum to sand  aggregate.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

    2d

     

     

    6-1.2

    ¾" by 0.05" (No. 16 carbon sheet steel gage) cold-rolled channels 16"  on center with metal lath applied to one face and tied with 0.049" (No.  18 B.W. gage) wire at 6" spacing. Perlite or vermiculite gypsum   plaster each side. For three-coat work, the plaster mix for the second  coat shall not exceed 100 pounds of gypsum to 2½ cubic feet of  aggregate for the 1-hour system.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    d

     

     

    2d

     

    6-1.3

    ¾" by 0.055" (No. 16 carbon sheet steel gage) vertical cold-rolled channels, 16" on center with 3/8" gypsum lath applied to one face and   attached with sheet metal clips. Gypsum plaster each side mixed 1:2  by weight, gypsum to sand aggregate.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    2d

     

    6-2.1

    Studless with ½" full-length plain gypsum lath and gypsum plaster   each side. Plaster mixed 1:1 for scratch coat and 1:2 for brown coat, by  weight, gypsum to sand aggregate.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    2d

    6-2.2

    Studless with ½" full-length plain gypsum lath and perlite or  vermiculite gypsum plaster each side.

    -

    -

    d

    2d

     

    6-2.3

    Studless partition with 3/8" rib metal lath installed vertically adjacent edges tied 6" on center with No. 18 gage wire ties, gypsum plaster each side mixed 1:2 by weight, gypsum to sand aggregate.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    2d

     

    7. Solid perlite   and portland  cement

     

     

    7-1.1

    Perlite mixed in the ratio of 3 cubic feet to 100 pounds of portland  cement and machine applied to stud side of 1½" mesh by 0.058-inch  (No. 17 B.W. gage) paper-backed woven wire fabric lath wire-tied to  4"-deep steel trussed wirej studs 16" on center. Wire ties of 0.049"  (No. 18 B.W. gage) galvanized steel wire 6" on center vertically.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    31/ d

    8   

     

     

    -

     

    8. Solid neat  wood fibered  gypsum plaster

     

    8-1.1

    ¾" by 0.055-inch (No. 16 carbon sheet steel gage) cold-rolled channels, 12" on center with 2.5-pound flat metal lath applied to one face and tied with 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire at 6" spacing. Neat  gypsum plaster applied each side.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    2d

     

    -

    9. Solid wallboard partition

     

    9-1.1

    One full-length layer ½" Type X gypsum wallboarde  laminated to each

    side of 1" full-length V-edge gypsum coreboard with approved laminating compound. Vertical joints of face layer and coreboard staggered at least 3".

     

    -

     

    -

     

    2d

     

    -

    10. Hollow (studless) gypsum wallboard partition

     

     

    10-1.1

    One full-length layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboarde   attached to

    both sides of wood or metal top and bottom runners laminated to each  side of 1"x 6" full-length gypsum coreboard ribs spaced 2" on center   with approved laminating compound. Ribs centered at vertical joints of  face plies and joints staggered 24" in opposing faces. Ribs may be recessed 6" from the top and bottom.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    d

     

     

     

    10-1.2

    1" regular gypsum V-edge full-length backing board attached to both  sides of wood or metal top and bottom runners with nails or 15/8"drywall screws at 24" on center. Minimum width of rumors 15/8".  Face layer of ½"regular full-length gypsum wallboard laminated to  outer faces of backing board with approved laminating compound.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    45/8 d

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    11.

    Noncombustible   studs-interior  partition with   plaster each side

     

    11-1.1

    3¼"x 0.044" (No. 18 carbon sheet steel gage) steel studs spaced 24" on center. 5/8" gypsum plaster on metal lath each side mixed 1:2 by   weight, gypsum to sand aggregate.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    d

     

    11-1.2

    3 3/8"x 0.055" (No. 16 carbon sheet steel gage) approved nailablek studs spaced 24" on center. 5/8" neat gypsum wood-fibered plaster  each side over 3/8" rib metal lath nailed to studs with 6d common nails, 8" on center. Nails driven 1¼" and bent over.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    55   

    /8

     

    -

     

     

    11-1.3

    4"x 0.044" (No. 18 carbon sheet steel gage) channel-shaped steel studs  at 16" on center. On each side approved resilient clips pressed onto  stud flange at 16" vertical spacing, ¼" pencil rods snapped into or wire tied onto outer loop of clips, metal lath wire-tied to pencil rods at 6"   intervals, 1" perlite gypsum plaster, each side.

     

     

    -

     

     

    75/ d

    8   

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

    11-1.4

    2½"x 0.044" (No. 18 carbon sheet steel gage) steel studs spaced 16"  on center. Wood fibered gypsum plaster mixed 1:1 by weight gypsum   to sand aggregate applied on ¾ -pound metal lath wire tied to studs,   each side. ¾" plaster applied over each face, including finish coat.

     

    -

     

    -

     

     

    d

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    12. Wood studs  interior partition with plaster each side

     

    12-1.1l, m

    2"x 4" wood studs 16" on center with 5/8" gypsum plaster on metal

    lath. Lath attached by 4d common nails bent over or No. 14 gage by   1¼" by ¾" crown width staples spaced 6" on center. Plaster mixed 1:1½ for scratch coat and 1:3 for brown coat, by weight, gypsum to  sand aggregate.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

    51/8

     

    12-1.2l

    2"x 4"wood studs 16"on center with metal lath and 7/8" neat wood-  fibered gypsum plaster each side. Lath attached by 6d common nails,   7" on center. Nails driven 1¼" and bent over.

     

    -

     

    -

     

     

    d

     

    -

     

     

    12-1.3 l

    2"x 4" wood studs 16" on center with 3/8" perforated or plain gypsum   lath and ½" gypsum plaster each side. Lath nailed with 11 /8" by No. 13 gage by 19/64" head plasterboard blued nails, 4" on center. Plaster   mixed 1:2 by weight, gypsum to sand aggregate.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

     

    12-1.4 l

    2"x 4" wood studs 16" on center with 3/8" Type X gypsum lath and ½"  gypsum plaster each side. Lath nailed with 1 1/8" by No. 13 gage by   19/64" head plasterboard blued nails, 5" on center. Plaster mixed 1:2  by weight, gypsum to sand aggregate.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    5 ¼

     

    13.Noncombusti ble studs- interior partition with gypsum wallboard each side

     

     

     

     

    13-1.1

    0.018" (No. 25 carbon sheet steel gage) channel-shaped studs 24" on  center with one full-length layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboarde  applied vertically attached with 1" long No. 6 drywall screws to each stud. Screws are 8" on center around the perimeter and 12" on center  on the intermediate stud. The wallboard may be applied horizontally  when attached to 35 /8" studs and the horizontal joints are staggered with those on the opposite side. Screws for the horizontal application  shall be 8" on center at vertical edges and 12" on center at   intermediate studs.

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    27/ d

    8   

     

     

     

     

    13-1.2

    0.018" (No. 25 carbon sheet steel gage) channel-shaped studs 25" on center with two full-length layers of ½" Type X gypsum wallboarde  applied vertically each side. First layer attached with 1"-long, No. 6  drywall screws, 8" on center around the perimeter and 12" on center  on the intermediate stud. Second layer applied with vertical joints offset one stud space from first layer using 15/8" long, No. 6 drywall  screws spaced 9"on center along vertical joints, 12"on center at   intermediate studs and 24" on center along top and bottom runners.

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    -

     

     

    35/8 d

     

     

     

    -

     

     

    13-1.3

    0.055" (No. 16 carbon sheet steel gage) approved nailable metal studse

    24" on center with full-length 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboarde applied vertically and nailed 7" on center with 6d cement-coated common   nails. Approved metal fastener grips used with nails at vertical butt   joints along studs.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

    47/8

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    14.Wood studs-interior  partition with gypsum wallboard each side

     

     

    14-1.1h, m

    2"x 4" wood studs 16" on center with two layers of 3/8" regular  gypsum wallboarde each side, 4d coolern or wallboardn nails at 8" on  center first layer, 5d coolern   or wallboardn   nails at 8" on center second

    layer with laminating compound between layers, joints staggered. First layer applied full length vertically, second layer applied horizontally   or vertically.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    5

     

    14-1.2l, m

    2"x 4" wood studs 16" on center with two layers ½" regular gypsum  wallboarde applied vertically or horizontally each sidek, joints staggered. Nail base layer with 5d coolern or wallboardn nails at 8" on center face layer with 8d coolern or wallboardn nails at 8" on center.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

     

    14-1.3l, m

    2"x 4" wood studs 24" on center with 5/8"  Type X gypsum wallboarde

    applied vertically or horizontally nailed with 6d coolern or wallboardn  nails at 7" on center with end joints on nailing members. Stagger joints each side.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

     

    14-1.4l

    2"x 4" fire-retardant-treated wood studs spaced 24"   on center with

    one layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboarde applied with face paper  grain (long dimension) parallel to studs. Wallboard attached with 6d  coolern or wallboardn nails at 7" on center.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    d

     

     

    14-1.5l, m

    2"x 4" wood studs 16" on center with two layers 5/8" Type X gypsum  wallboarde each side. Base layers applied vertically and nailed with 6d coolern or wallboardn nails at 9" on center. Face layer applied vertically or horizontally and nailed with 8d coolern or wallboardn

    nails at 7" on center. For nail-adhesive application, base layers are nailed 6" on center. Face layers applied with coating of approved   wallboard adhesive and nailed 12" on center.

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    6

     

     

     

    -

     

    14-1.6l

    2"x 3" fire-retardant-treated wood studs spaced 24" on center with one layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboarde applied with face paper grain (long dimension) at right angles to studs. Wallboard attached with 6d  cement-coated box nails spaced 7" on center.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    35/ d

    8

     

     

    15. Exterior or  interior walls

     

     

    15-1.1l, m

    Exterior surface with ¾" drop siding over ½" gypsum sheathing on  2"x 4" wood studs at 16" on center, interior surface treatment as  required for 1-hour-rated exterior or interior 2"x 4" wood stud partitions. Gypsum sheathing nailed with 1¾" by No. 11 gage by 7/16"

    head galvanized nails at 8"  on center. Siding nailed with 7d

    galvanized smooth box nails.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    Varies

     

     

    15-1.2l, m

    2"x 4" wood studs 16" on center with metal lath and ¾" cement plaster on each side. Lath attached with 6d common nails 7" on center driven to 1" minimum penetration and bent over. Plaster mix 1:4 for   scratch coat and 1:5 for brown coat, by volume, cement to sand.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    53/8

     

    15-1.3 l, m

    2"x 4" wood studs 16" on center with 7/8" cement plaster (measured

    from the face of studs) on the exterior surface with interior surface treatment as required for interior wood stud partitions in this table.   Plaster mix 1:4 for scratch coat and 1:5 for brown coat, by volume,   cement to sand.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    Varies

     

     

    15-1.4

    35/8" No. 16 gage noncombustible studs 16" on center with 7/8" cement plaster (measured from the face of the studs) on the exterior surface   with interior surface treatment as required for interior, nonbearing,   noncombustible stud partitions in this table. Plaster mix 1:4 for scratch coat and 1:5 for brown coat, by volume, cement to sand.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    Variesd

     

     

     

     

     

     

    15-1.5m

    2¼"x 3¾" clay face brick with cored holes over ½" gypsum sheathing  on exterior surface of 2"x 4" wood studs at 16" on center and two layers 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboarde on interior surface. Sheathing placed horizontally or vertically with vertical joints over studs nailed 6" on center with 1¾"x No. 11 gage by 7/16" head galvanized nails.   Inner layer of wallboard placed horizontally or vertically and nailed 8"  on center with 6d coolern   or wallboardn   nails. Outer layer of wallboard placed horizontally or vertically and nailed 8" on center with 8d  coolern or wallboardn nails. All joints staggered with vertical joints over studs. Outer layer joints taped and finished with compound. Nail   heads covered with joint compound. 0.035 inch (No. 20 galvanized sheet gage) corrugated galvanized steel wall ties ¾" by 65/8" attached  to each stud with two 8d coolern or wallboardn nails every sixth course

    of bricks.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    10

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    15-1.6 l, m

    2"x 6" fire-retardant-treated wood studs 16" on center. Interior face  has two layers of 5/8" Type X gypsum with the base layer placed vertically and attached with 6d box nails 12" on center. The face layer   is placed horizontally and attached with 8d box nails 8" on center at joints and 12" on center elsewhere. The exterior face has a base layer  of 5/8" Type X gypsum sheathing placed vertically with 6d box nails   8" on center at joints and 12" on center elsewhere. An approved   building paper is next applied, followed by self-furred exterior lath attached with 2½", No. 12 gage galvanized roofing nails with a 3/8"   diameter head and spaced 6" on center along each stud. Cement plaster consisting of a ½" brown coat is then applied. The scratch coat is   mixed in the proportion of 1:3 by weight, cement to sand with 10 pounds of hydrated lime and 3 pounds of approved additives or  admixtures per sack of cement. The brown coat is mixed in the proportion of 1:4 by weight, cement to sand with the same amounts of hydrated lime and approved additives or admixtures used in the  scratch coat.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    15-1.7 l, m

    2"x 6" wood studs 16" on center. The exterior face has a layer of 5/8"

    Type X gypsum sheathing placed vertically with 6d box nails 8" on  center at joints and 12" on center elsewhere. An approved building   paper is next applied, followed by 1" by No. 18 gage self-furred   exterior lath attached with 8d by 2½" long galvanized roofing nails  spaced 6" on center along each stud. Cement plaster consisting of a ½" scratch coat, a bonding agent and a ½" brown coat and a finish coat is   then applied. The scratch coat is mixed in the proportion of 1:3 by   weight, cement to sand with 10 pounds of hydrated lime and 3 pounds  of approved additives or admixtures per sack of cement. The brown   coat is mixed in the proportion of 1:4 by weight, cement to sand with   the same amounts of hydrated lime and approved additives or

    admixtures used in the scratch coat. The interior is covered with 3/8"  gypsum lath with 1" hexagonal mesh of 0.035 inch (No. 20 B.W. gage) woven wire lath furred out 5/16" and 1" perlite or vermiculite      gypsum plaster. Lath nailed with 11/8" by No. 13 gage by 19/64" head   plasterboard glued nails spaced 5" on center. Mesh attached by 1¾" by No. 12 gage by 3/8" head nails with 3/8" furrings, spaced 8" on center.   The plaster mix shall not exceed 100 pounds of gypsum to cubic feet of aggregate.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    83/8

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    15-1.8 l, m

    2"x 6" wood studs 16" on center. The exterior face has a layer of 5/8"

    Type X gypsum sheathing placed vertically with 6d box nails 8" on  center at joints and 12" on center elsewhere. An approved building   paper is next applied, followed by 1½" by No. 17 gage self-furred   exterior lath attached with 8d by 2½" long galvanized roofing nails  spaced 6" on center along each stud. Cement plaster consisting of a ½"  scratch coat, and a ½" brown coat is then applied. The plaster may be   placed by machine. The scratch coat is mixed in the proportion of 1:4  by weight, plastic cement to sand. The brown coat is mixed in the   proportion of 1:5 by weight, plastic cement to sand. The interior is

    covered with 3/8" gypsum lath with 1" hexagonal mesh of No. 20 gage woven wire lath furred out 5/16" and 1" perlite or vermiculite gypsum  plaster. Lath nailed with 11/8" by No. 13 gage by 19/64" head plasterboard glued nails spaced 5" on center. Mesh attached by 1¾" by No. 12 gage by 3/8" head nails with 3/8" furrings, spaced 8" on center.   The plaster mix shall not exceed 100 pounds of gypsum to cubic

    feet of aggregate.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    83/8

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    15-1.9

    4" No. 18 gage, nonload-bearing metal studs, 16" on center, with 1"   portland cement lime plaster [measured from the back side of the ¾ - pound expanded metal lath] on the exterior surface. Interior surface to be covered with 1" of gypsum plaster on ¾ -pound expanded metal   lath proportioned by weight-1:2 for scratch coat, 1:3 for brown, gypsum to sand. Lath on one side of the partition fastened to ¼" diameter pencil rods supported by No. 20 gage metal clips, located 16"  on center vertically, on each stud. 3" thick mineral fiber insulating  batts friction fitted between the studs.

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    d

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     
    15. Exterior or interior walls (continued)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

     

     

     

     

     

    15-1.10

    Steel studs 0.060" thick, 4" deep or 6" at 16" or 24" centers, with ½" Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) on the exterior surface. GFRC is attached with flex anchors at 24" on center, with 5" leg welded to studs with two ½" -long flare-bevel welds, and 4" foot attached to the GFRC skin with 5/8" thick GFRC bonding pads that   extend 2½" beyond the flex anchor foot on both sides. Interior surface to have two layers of ½" Type X gypsum wallboard.e The first layer of  wallboard to be attached with 1"-long Type S buglehead screws  spaced 24" on center and the second layer is attached with 15/8"-long   Type S screws spaced at 12" on center. Cavity is to be filled with 5" of 4 pcf (nominal) mineral fiber batts. GFRC has 1½" returns packed   with mineral fiber and caulked on the exterior.

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    15-1.11

    Steel studs 0.060" thick, 4" deep or 6" at 16" or 24" centers,  respectively, with ½" Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) on the exterior surface. GFRC is attached with flex anchors at 24" on center, with 5" leg welded to studs with two ½"-long flare-bevel welds, and   4" foot attached to the GFRC skin with 5/8"-thick GFRC bonding pads   that extend 2 ½" beyond the flex anchor foot on both sides. Interior surface to have one layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboarde, attached with 1¼"-long Type S buglehead screws spaced 12" on center. Cavity   is to be filled with 5" of 4 pcf (nominal) mineral fiber batts. GFRC has  1½" returns packed with mineral fiber and caulked on the exterior.

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    61/8

     

     

    15-1.12q

    2"x 6" wood studs at 16" with double top plates, single bottom plate;  interior and exterior sides covered with 5/8" Type X gypsum   wallboard, 4" wide, applied horizontally or vertically with vertical joints over studs, and fastened with 2¼" Type S drywall screws, spaced 12" on center. Cavity to be filled with 5½" mineral wool   insulation.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    15-1.13 q

    2"x 6" wood studs at 16" with double top plates, single bottom plate;  interior and exterior sides covered with 5/8" Type X gypsum   wallboard, 4" wide, applied vertically with all joints over framing or  blocking and fastened with 2¼" Type S drywall screws, spaced 12" on  center. R-19 mineral fiber insulation installed in stud cavity.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    15-1.14 q

    2"x 6" wood studs at 16" with double top plates, single bottom plate;  interior and exterior sides covered with 5/8" Type X gypsum   wallboard, 4" wide, applied horizontally or vertically with vertical joints over studs, and fastened with 2¼" Type S drywall screws, spaced 7" on center.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    15-1.15 q

    2"x 4" wood studs at 16" with double top plates, single bottom plate;  interior and exterior sides covered with 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboard and sheathing, respectively, 4" wide, applied horizontally or vertically   with vertical joints over studs, and fastened with 2¼" Type S drywall  screws, spaced 12" on center. Cavity to be filled with 3½" mineral  wool insulation.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    15-1.16 q

    2"x 6" wood studs at 24" centers with double top plates, single bottom plate; interior and exterior side covered with two layers of 5/8" Type X  gypsum wallboard, 4" wide, applied horizontally with vertical joints   over studs. Base layer fastened with 2¼" Type S drywall screws,  spaced 24" on center and face layer fastened with Type S drywall  screws, spaced 8" on center, wallboard joints covered with paper tape   and joint compound, fastener heads covered with joint compound.   Cavity to be filled with 5½" mineral wool insulation.

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     
    15. Exterior or   interior walls   (continued)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

     

     

     

     

     

    15-2.1d

    35/8" No. 16 gage steel studs at 24" on center or 2"x 4" wood studs at

    24" on center. Metal lath attached to the exterior side of studs with minimum 1" long No. 6 drywall screws at 6" on center and covered   with minimum ¾" thick portland cement plaster. Thin veneer brick units of clay or shale complying with ASTM C 1088, Grade TBS or  better, installed in running bond in accordance with Section 1405.10.  Combined total thickness of the portland cement plaster, mortar and  thin veneer brick units shall be not less than 1¾". Interior side covered with one layer of 5/8" thick Type X gypsum wallboard attached to  studs with 1" long No. 6 drywall screws at 12" on center.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    6

     

     

     

     

     

    15-2.2d

    35/8" No. 16 gage steel studs at 24" on center or 2"x 4" wood studs at

    24" on center. Metal lath attached to the exterior side of studs with minimum 1" long No. 6 drywall screws at 6" on center and covered   with minimum ¾" thick portland cement plaster. Thin veneer brick units of clay or shale complying with ASTM C 1088, Grade TBS or  better, installed in running bond in accordance with Section 1405.10.  Combined total thickness of the portland cement plaster, mortar and  thin veneer brick units shall be not less than 2". Interior side covered with two layers of 5/8"thick Type X gypsum wallboard. Bottom layer

    attached to studs with 1"  long No. 6 drywall screws at 24" on center.

    Top layer attached to studs with 15/8"long No. 6 drywall screws at 12"  on center.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    67/8

     

     

     

     

    15-2.3d

    35/8" No. 16 gage steel studs at 16" on center or 2"x 4" wood studs at

    16" on center. Where metal lath is used, attach to the exterior side of studs with minimum 1" long No. 6 drywall screws at 6" on center.   Brick units of clay or shale not less than 25 /8" thick complying with  ASTM C 216 installed in accordance with Section 1405.6 with a  minimum 1" air space. Interior side covered with one layer of 5/8"   thick Type X gypsum wallboard attached to studs with 1" long No. 6 drywall screws at 12" on center.

     

     

     

     

     

    77/8

     

     

     

    15-2.4d

    35/8" No. 16 gage steel studs at 16" on center or 2"x 4" wood studs at

    16" on center. Where metal lath is used, attach to the exterior side of studs with minimum 1" long No. 6 drywall screws at 6" on center.  Brick units of clay or shale not less than 25/8" thick complying with  ASTM C 216 installed in accordance with Section 1405.6 with a  minimum 1" air space. Interior side covered with two layers of 5/8"   thick Type X gypsum wallboard. Bottom layer attached to studs with 1" long No. 6 drywall screws at 24" on center. Top layer attached to  studs with 15/8" long No. 6 drywall screws at 12" on center.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    16. Exterior walls rated for fire resistance from the inside

    only in accordance with Section 705.5.

     

     

     

     

    16-1.1q

    2"x 4" wood studs at 16" centers with double top plates, single bottom plate; interior side covered with 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboard, 4"   wide, applied horizontally unblocked, and fastened with 2¼" Type S  drywall screws, spaced 12" on center, wallboard joints covered with   paper tape and joint compound, fastener heads covered with joint   compound. Exterior covered with 3/8" wood structural panels, applied vertically, horizontal joints blocked and fastened with 6d common nails (bright) - 12" on center in the field, and 6" on center panel   edges. Cavity to be filled with 3½" mineral wool insulation. Rating  established for exposure from interior side only.

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    16-1.2q

    2"x 6" (51mm x 152 mm) wood studs at 16" centers with double top plates, single bottom plate; interior side covered with 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboard, 4" wide, applied horizontally or vertically with   vertical joints over studs and fastened with 2¼" Type S drywall  screws, spaced 12" on center, wallboard joints covered with paper tape and joint compound, fastener heads covered with joint compound,  exterior side covered with 7/16" wood structural panels fastened with  6d common nails (bright) spaced 12" on center in the field and 6" on   center along the panel edges. Cavity to be filled with 5½" mineral  wool insulation. Rating established from the gypsum-covered side   only.

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    6 9/16

     

     

     

     

    16-1.3

    2"x 6" wood studs at 16" centers with double top plates, single bottom plates; interior side covered with 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboard, 4"   wide, applied vertically with all joints over framing or blocking and  fastened with 2¼" Type S drywall screws spaced 7" on center. Joints  to be covered with tape and joint compound. Exterior covered with 3/8"  wood structural panels, applied vertically with edges over framing or   blocking and fastened with 6d common nails (bright) at 12" on center in the field and 6" on center on panel edges. R-19 mineral fiber   insulation installed in stud cavity. Rating established from the

    gypsum-covered side only.

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square inch = 645.2 mm2, 1 cubic foot = 0.0283 m3.

    a.Staples with equivalent holding power and penetration shall be permitted to be used as alternate fasteners to nails for attachment to wood framing.

    b.Thickness shown for brick and clay tile is nominal thicknesses unless plastered, in which case thicknesses are net. Thickness shown for concrete masonry and clay masonry is equivalent thickness defined in Section 721.3.1 for concrete masonry and Section 721.4.1.1 for clay masonry. Where all cells are solid grouted or filled with silicone-treated perlite loose-fill insulation; vermiculite loose-fill insulation; or expanded clay, shale or slate lightweight aggregate, the equivalent thickness shall be the thickness of the block or brick using specified dimensions as defined in Chapter 21.

    Equivalent thickness may also include the thickness of applied plaster and lath or gypsum wallboard, where specified.

    c. For units in which the net cross-sectional area of cored brick in any plane parallel to the surface containing the cores is at least 75 percent of the gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane.

    d.Shall be used for nonbearing purposes only.

    e. For all of the construction with gypsum wallboard described in this table, gypsum base for veneer plaster of the same size, thickness and core type shall be permitted to be substituted for gypsum wallboard, provided attachment is identical to that specified for the wallboard, and the joints on the face layer are reinforced and the entire surface is covered with a minimum of 1/16-inch gypsum veneer plaster.

    f.The fire-resistance time period for concrete masonry units meeting the equivalent thicknesses required for a 2-hour fire- resistance rating in Item 3, and having a thickness of not less than 75/8 inches is 4 hours when cores which are not grouted are filled with silicone-treated perlite loose-fill insulation; vermiculite loose-fill insulation; or expanded clay, shale or slate lightweight aggregate, sand or slag having a maximum particle size of 3/8 inch.

    g. The fire-resistance rating of concrete masonry units composed of a combination of aggregate types or where plaster is applied directly to the concrete masonry shall be determined in accordance with ACI 216.1/TMS 0216. Lightweight aggregates shall have a maximum combined density of 65 pounds per cubic foot.

    h.See also Note b. The equivalent thickness shall be permitted to include the thickness of cement plaster or 1.5 times the thickness of gypsum plaster applied in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 25.

    i. Concrete walls shall be reinforced with horizontal and vertical temperature reinforcement as required by Chapter 19.

    j.Studs are welded truss wire studs with 0.18 inch (No. 7 B.W. gage) flange wire and 0.18 inch (No. 7 B.W. gage) truss wires.

    k.Nailable metal studs consist of two channel studs spot welded back to back with a crimped web forming a nailing groove.  l. Wood structural panels shall be permitted to be installed between the fire protection and the wood studs on either the interior or exterior side of the wood frame assemblies in this table, provided the length of the fasteners used to attach the

    fire protection is increased by an amount at least equal to the thickness of the wood structural panel.

    m.                The design stress of studs shall be reduced to 78 percent of allowable F'c with the maximum not greater than 78 percent of the calculated stress with studs having a slenderness ratio le/d of 33.

    n.For properties of cooler or wallboard nails, see ASTM C 514, ASTM C 547 or ASTM F 1667.

    o.Generic fire-resistance ratings (those not designated as PROPRIETARY* in the listing) in the GA 600 shall be accepted as if herein listed.

    p.NCMA TEK 5-8A shall be permitted for the design of fire walls.

    q.The design stress of studs shall be equal to a maximum of 100 percent of the allowable F'c calculated in accordance with Section 2306.

    TABLE 720.1(3)

     

    FLOOR OR ROOF CONSTRUCTION

    ITEM NUMBER

     

     

     

    CEILING CONSTRUCTION

    THICKNESS OF FLOOR

    OR ROOF SLAB (inches)

     

    MINIMUM THICKNESS OF

    CEILING (inches)

     

     

    4 hour

    3

    hour

    2

    hour

    1 hour

    4 hour

    3

    hour

    2

    hour

    1 hour

    1. Siliceous aggregate concrete

    1-1.1

     

     

    Slab (no ceiling required). Minimum  cover over nonprestressed reinforcement shall not be less than ¾" b.

    7.0

    6.2

    5.0

    3.5

    -

    -

    -

    -

    2. Carbonate aggregate   concrete

    2-1.1

    6.6

    5.7

    4.6

    3.2

    -

    -

    -

    -

    3. Sand-lightweight  concrete

     

    3-1.1

     

    5.4

     

    4.6

     

    3.8

     

    2.7

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

    4. Lightweight concrete

    4-1.1

    5.1

    4.4

    3.6

    2.5

    -

    -

    -

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    5. Reinforced concrete

     

     

    5-1.1

    Slab with suspended ceiling of vermiculite gypsum plaster over metal lath attached to ¾" cold-rolled channels spaced 12" on center. Ceiling located 6" minimum below joists.

     

     

    3

     

     

    2

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    1

     

     

    ¾

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    5-2.1

    3/8" Type X gypsum wallboardc attached

    to 0.018 inch (No. 25 carbon sheet steel gage) by 7/8" deep by 25/8" hat-shaped   galvanized steel channels with 1"-long  No. 6 screws. The channels are spaced 24" on center, span 35" and are   supported along their length at 35"   intervals by 0.033" (No. 21 galvanized  sheet gage) galvanized steel flat strap   hangers having formed edges that engage the lips of the channel. The strap hangers are attached to the side of the concrete  joists with 5/32" by 1¼" long power-  driven fasteners. The wallboard is   installed with the long dimension  perpendicular to the channels. All end   joints occur on channels and   supplementary channels are installed   parallel to the main channels, 12" each  side, at end joint occurrences. The

    finished ceiling is located approximately  12" below the soffit of the floor slab.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    5/8

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     
    MINIMUM PROTECTION FOR FLOOR AND ROOF SYSTEMSa, q

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

     

    6. Steel joists constructed with a poured reinforced concrete slab on metal  lath forms or steel form unitsd, e

     

     

     

    6-1.1

    Gypsum plaster on metal lath attached to the bottom cord with single No. 16 gage  or doubled No. 18 gage wire ties spaced  6" on center. Plaster mixed 1:2 for  scratch coat, 1:3 for brown coat, by   weight, gypsum-to-sand aggregate for 2- hour system. For 3-hour system plaster is neat.

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    ¾

     

     

    5/8

     

    6-2.1

    Vermiculite gypsum plaster on metal lath attached to the bottom chord with single  No.16 gage or doubled 0.049-inch (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire ties 6" on center.

     

    -

     

    2

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    5/8

     

    -

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    6-3.1

    Cement plaster over metal lath attached to the bottom chord of joists with single  No. 16 gage or doubled 0.049" (No. 18  B.W. gage) wire ties spaced 6" on  center. Plaster mixed 1:2 for scratch   coat, 1:3 for brown coat for 1-hour  system and 1:1 for scratch coat, 1:1½ for brown coat for 2-hour system, by weight, cement to sand.

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    2

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    5/ f 8  

     

     

     

     

    6-4.1

    Ceiling of 5/8" Type X wallboardc attached to 7/8" deep by 25/8" by 0.021   inch (No. 25 carbon sheet steel gage)

    hat-shaped furring channels 12" on   center with 1" long No. 6 wallboard  screws at 8" on center. Channels wire   tied to bottom chord of joists with doubled 0.049 inch (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire or suspended below joists on wire  hangers.g

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    5/8

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    6-5.1

    Wood-fibered gypsum plaster mixed 1:1  by weight gypsum to sand aggregate applied over metal lath. Lath tied 6" on  center to ¾" channels spaced 13½" on  center. Channels secured to joists at each intersection with two strands of 0.049   inch (No. 18 B.W. gage) galvanized wire.

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    ¾

     

     

     

    -

    7. Reinforced concrete  slabs and joists with   hollow clay tile

    fillers laid end to end in  rows 2½" or more apart;   reinforcement placed between rows and   concrete cast around and   over tile.

     

     

     

     

    7-1.1

     

     

    5/8" gypsum plaster on bottom of floor or

    roof construction.

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    8h

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    5/8

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

    7-1.2

     

     

    None

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

    i

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

    8. Steel joists constructed with a reinforced concrete   slab on top poured on a

    ½" deep steel deck.e

     

    8-1.1

    Vermiculite gypsum plaster on metal   lath attached to ¾" cold-rolled channels with 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire ties  spaced 6" on center.

     

    j

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    ¾

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    9. 3" deep cellular steel   deck with concrete slab on  top. Slab thickness   measured to top.

     

     

     

     

     

    9-1.1

    Suspended ceiling of vermiculite  gypsum plaster base coat and vermiculite acoustical plaster on metal lath attached   at 6" intervals to ¾" cold-rolled channels  spaced 12" on center and secured to 1½" cold-rolled channels spaced 36" on   center with 0.065" (No. 16 B.W. gage) wire. 1½" channels supported by No. 8   gage wire hangers at 36" on center.

    Beams within envelope and with a 2½"   airspace between beam soffit and lath   have a 4-hour rating.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    11/ k

    8

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

    10. 1½"-deep steel roof  deck on steel framing.  Insulation board, 30 pcf   density, composed of  wood fibers with cement   binders of thickness  shown bonded to deck with unified asphalt adhesive. Covered with a   Class A or B roof   covering.

     

     

     

     

     

    10-1.1

    Ceiling of gypsum plaster on metal lath.   Lath attached to ¾" furring channels  with 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire ties  spaced 6" on center. ¾" channel saddle tied to 2" channels with doubled 0.065"  (No. 16 B.W. gage) wire ties. 2"   channels spaced 36" on center suspended  2" below steel framing and saddle-tied   with 0.165" (No. 8 B.W. gage) wire.   Plaster mixed 1:2 by weight, gypsum-to- sand aggregate.

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    17/8

     

     

     

     

     

    1

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    ¾l

     

     

     

     

    ¾l

     

     

     

    11. 1½"-deep steel roof  deck on steel-framing  wood fiber insulation board, 17.5 pcf density on   top applied over a 15-lb asphalt-saturated felt.   Class A or B roof   covering.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    11-1.1

    Ceiling of gypsum plaster on metal lath.   Lath attached to ¾" furring channels  with 0.049" (No. 18 B.W. gage) wire ties  spaced 6" on center. ¾" channels saddle   tied to 2" channels with doubled 0.065"  (No. 16 B.W. gage) wire ties. 2"   channels spaced 36" on center suspended  2" below steel framing and saddle tied with 0.165" (No. 8 B.W. gage) wire.   Plaster mixed 1:2 for scratch coat and  1:3 for brown coat, by weight, gypsum-  to-sand aggregate for 1-hour system. For 2-hour system, plaster mix is 1:2 by   weight, gypsum-to-sand aggregate.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    1

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    7/ g 8   

     

     

     

     

     

    ¾l

    12. 1½"deep steel roof  deck on steel-framing   insulation of rigid board   consisting of expanded   perlite and fibers  impregnated with integral  asphalt waterproofing;   density 9 to 12 pcf   secured to metal roof deck by ½" wide ribbons of  waterproof, cold-process   liquid adhesive spaced 6" apart. Steel joist or light   steel construction with

     

     

     

     

     

     

    12-1.1

     

     

     

     

    Gypsum-vermiculite plaster on metal   lath wire tied at 6" intervals to ¾"   furring channels spaced 12" on center   and wire tied to 2" runner channels   spaced 32" on center. Runners wire tied to bottom chord of steel joists.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    1

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    7/8

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

    metal roof deck,  insulation, and Class A or  B built-up roof covering.e

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    13. Double wood floor   over wood joists spaced 16" on center.m,n

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    13-1.1

    Gypsum plaster over 3/8" Type X

    gypsum lath. Lath initially applied with not less than four 11/8" by No. 13 gage  by 19/64" head plasterboard blued nails   per bearing. Continuous stripping over lath along all joist lines. Stripping   consists of 3" wide strips of metal lath

    attached by 1½"by No. 11 gage by ½"   head roofing nails spaced 6" on center.   Alternate stripping consists of 3" wide   0.049" diameter wire stripping weighing  1 pound per square yard and attached by  No.16 gage by 1½" by ¾" crown width  staples, spaced 4" on center. Where   alternate stripping is used, the lath   nailing may consist of two nails at each   end and one nail at each intermediate   bearing. Plaster mixed 1:2 by weight,  gypsum-to-sand aggregate.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    7/8

     

     

    13-1.2

    Cement or gypsum plaster on metal lath.  Lath fastened with 1½" by No. 11 gage  by 7/16" head barbed shank roofing nails  spaced 5" on center. Plaster mixed 1:2  for scratch coat and 1:3 for brown coat,  by weight, cement to sand aggregate.

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    -

     

     

    5/8

     

    13-1.3

    Perlite or vermiculite gypsum plaster on  metal lath secured to joists with 1½" by  No. 11 gage by 7/16" head barbed shank   roofing nails spaced 5" on center.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    5/8

     

    13-1.4

    ½" Type X gypsum wallboardc nailed to joists with 5d coolero   or wallboardo   nails

    at 6" on center. End joints of wallboard centered on joists.

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    -

     

    ½

    14. Plywood stressed skin  panels consisting of 5/8" -  thick interior C-D   (exterior glue) top stressed  skin on 2"x 6" nominal (minimum) stringers.   Adjacent panel edges   joined with 8d common   wire nails spaced 6"on center. Stringers spaced

    12"maximum on center.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    14-1.1

    ½"-thick wood fiberboard weighing 15   to 18 pounds per cubic foot installed with long dimension parallel to stringers or 3/8" C-D (exterior glue) plywood   glued and/or nailed to stringers. Nailing to be with 5d coolero or wallboardo nails at 12" on center. Second layer of ½"  Type X gypsum wallboardc applied with long dimension perpendicular to joists  and attached with 8d coolero or wallboardo nails at 6" on center at end joints and 8" on center elsewhere.   Wallboard joints staggered with respect to fiberboard joints.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    1

    15. Vermiculite concrete slab proportioned 1:4   (portland cement to  vermiculite aggregate) on  a 1½"-deep steel deck supported on individually   protected steel framing.   Maximum span of deck 6'-10" where deck is less  than 0.019 inch (No. 26

    carbon steel sheet gage) or  greater. Slab reinforced   with 4"x 8" 0.109/0.083"  (No. 12/14 B.W. gage) welded wire mesh.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    15-1.1

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    None

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    3j

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

    16. Perlite concrete slab proportioned 1:6 (portland cement to perlite aggregate) on a 1¼"-deep   steel deck supported on  individually protected  steel framing. Slab   reinforced with 4"x 8"   0.109/0.083" (No. 12/14

    B.W. gage) welded wire   mesh.

     

     

     

     

     

    16-1.1

     

     

     

     

     

    None

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    j

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

    17. Perlite concrete slab proportioned 1:6 (portland cement to perlite aggregate) on a 9/16"-deep   steel deck supported by   steel joists 4" on center.   Class A or B roof   covering on top.

     

     

     

    17-1.1

     

     

    Perlite gypsum plaster on metal lath wire   tied to ¾" furring channels attached with 0.065" (No. 16 B.W. gage) wire ties to lower chord of joists.

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    2p

     

     

     

    2p

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    -

     

     

    7/8

     

     

     

    ¾

     

     

     

    -

    18. Perlite concrete slab proportioned 1:6 (portland cement to perlite aggregate) on 1¼"-deep   steel deck supported on  individually protected  steel framing. Maximum  span of deck 6'-10" where deck is less than 0.019"  (No. 26 carbon sheet steel  gage) and 8'-0"where   deck is 0.019" (No. 26   carbon sheet steel gage) or  greater. Slab reinforced   with 0.042" (No. 19 B.W.   gage) hexagonal wire   mesh. Class A or B roof   covering on top.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    18-1.1

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    None

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    p

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    p

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

    19. Floor and beam   construction consisting of   3"-deep cellular steel floor unit mounted on steel  members with 1:4   (proportion of portland cement to perlite aggregate) perlite- concrete floor slab on top.

     

     

     

     

    19-1.1

    Suspended envelope ceiling of perlite  gypsum plaster on metal lath attached to

    ¾" cold-rolled channels, secured to 1½"   cold-rolled channels spaced 42" on center supported by 0.203 inch (No. 6 B.W. gage) wire 36" on center. Beams in   envelope with 3" minimum airspace   between beam soffit and lath have a 4- hour rating.

     

     

     

    2p

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    1l

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    -

    20. Perlite concrete proportioned 1:6 (portland cement to perlite aggregate) poured to 1/8"   thickness above top of  corrugations of 5/16"-deep   galvanized steel deck   maximum span 8'-0" for   0.024" (No. 24 galvanized sheet gage) or 6'-0" for  0.019" (No. 26 galvanized  sheet gage) with deck   supported by individually   protected steel framing.  Approved polystyrene   foam plastic insulation board having a flame   spread not exceeding 75  (1" to 4" thickness) with vent holes that   approximate 3 percent of  the board surface area placed on top of perlite   slurry. A 2" by 4"   insulation board contains  six 2¾" diameter holes.   Board covered with 2¼"   minimum perlite concrete

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    20-1.1

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    None

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Vari es

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

    slab.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    20. Slab reinforced with mesh consisting of 0.042"  (No. 19 B.W. gage)   galvanized steel wire   twisted together to form 2" hexagons with straight   0.065" (No. 16 B.W.

    gage) galvanized steel   wire woven into mesh and spaced 3". Alternate slab reinforcement shall be   permitted to consist of 4"x 8", 0.109/0.238" (No.

    12/4 B.W. gage), or 2"x

    2", 0.083/0.083" (No.

    14/14 B.W. gage) welded wire fabric. Class A or B  roof covering on top.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    20-1.1

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    None

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Vari es

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

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    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

    21. Wood joists, wood I-  joists, floor trusses and   flat or pitched roof trusses spaced a maximum 24"   o.c. with ½" wood   structural panels with   exterior glue applied at right angles to top of joist  or top chord of trusses  with 8d nails. The wood   structural panel thickness   shall not be less than   nominal ½" nor less than required by Chapter 23.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    21-1.1

     

    Base layer 5/8" Type X gypsum wallboard  applied at right angles to joist or truss 24" o.c. with 1¼" Type S or Type W drywall  screws 24" o.c. Face layer 5/8" Type X  gypsum wallboard or veneer base applied at right angles to joist or truss through  base layer with 15/8"Type S or Type W  drywall screws 12" o.c. at joints and  intermediate joist or truss. Face layer   Type G drywall screws placed 2" back on   either side of face layer end joints, 12" o.c.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

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    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Varies

     

     

     

     

     

     

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    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    22. Steel joists, floor  trusses and flat or pitched roof trusses spaced a maximum 24" o.c. with

    ½" wood structural panels with exterior glue applied at right angles to top of joist or top chord of trusses with No. 8 screws. The wood structural panel thickness shall not be less than nominal ½" nor less than required by Chapter 23.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    22-1.1

    Base layer 5/8" Type X gypsum board   applied at right angles to steel framing   24" on center with 1" Type S drywall  screws spaced 24" on center. Face layer

    5/8" Type X gypsum board applied at right

    angles to steel framing attached through   base layer with 15 /8" Type S drywall  screws 12" on center at end joints and intermediate joints and 1½"Type G  drywall screws 12 inches on center placed 2" back on either side of face layer end joints. Joints of the face layer are offset 24" from the joints of the base layer.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

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    Varies

     

     

     

     

     

     

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    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    23. Wood I-joist   (minimum joist depth 9¼" with a minimum flange  depth of 15/16" and a   minimum flange cross-  sectional area of 2.3   square inches) at 24" o.c.  spacing with 1 inch by 4   inch (nominal) wood   furring strip spacer

    applied parallel to and   covering the bottom of the bottom flange of each   member, tacked in place.   2" mineral wool   insulation, 3.5 pcf   (nominal) installed  adjacent to the bottom   flange of the I-joist and   supported by the 1"x 4"   furring strip spacer.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    23-1.1

     

     

     

     

     

    ½" deep single leg resilient channel 16"  on center (channels doubled at wallboard   end joints), placed perpendicular to the   furring strip and joist and attached to each joist by 17/8" Type S drywall screws. 5/8"   Type C gypsum wallboard applied   perpendicular to the channel with end   joints staggered at least 4" and fastened  with 11/8" Type S drywall screws spaced 7" on center. Wallboard joints to be taped and covered with joint compound.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Varies

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    5/8

    24. Wood I-joist   (minimum I-joist depth 9¼" with a minimum   flange depth of 1½" and a   minimum flange cross-  sectional area of 5.25  square inches; minimum  web thickness of 3/8") @   24" o.c., 1½" mineral  wool insulation (2.5 pcf- nominal) resting on hat- shaped furring channels.

     

     

     

     

     

    24-1.1

    Minimum 0.026" thick hat-shaped   channel 16" o.c. (channels doubled at wallboard end joints), placed   perpendicular to the joist and attached to  each joist by 15/8" Type S drywall screws.

    5/8" Type C gypsum wallboard applied

    perpendicular to the channel with end  joints staggered and fastened with 11/8"   Type S drywall screws spaced 12" o.c. in the field and 8" o.c. at the wallboard  ends. Wallboard joints to be taped and covered with joint compound.

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Varies

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    5/8

     

    25. Wood I-joist   (minimum I-joist depth 9¼" with a minimum   flange depth of 1½" and a   minimum flange cross-  sectional area of 5.25  square inches; minimum  web thickness of 7/16") @   24" o.c., 1½" mineral  wool insulation (2.5 pcf- nominal) resting on  resilient channels.

     

     

     

     

     

    25-1.1

    Minimum 0.019" thick resilient channel   16" o.c. (channels doubled at wallboard   end joints), placed perpendicular to the  joist and attached to each joist by 15/8"  Type S drywall screws. 5/8" Type C  gypsum wallboard applied perpendicular

    to the channel with end joints staggered   and fastened with 1" Type S drywall  screws spaced 12" o.c. in the field and 8"   o.c. at the wallboard ends. Wallboard   joints to be taped and covered with joint compound.

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Varies

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

    5/8

     

     

     

     

    26. Wood I-joist   (minimum I-joist depth 9¼" with a minimum   flange thickness of 1½"  and a minimum flange  cross-sectional area of  2.25 square inches;   minimum web thickness  of 3/8") @ 24" o.c.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    26-1.1

    Two layers of ½" Type X gypsum   wallboard applied with the long   dimension perpendicular to the I-joists with end joints staggered. The base layer is fastened with 15/8" Type S drywall  screws spaced 12" o.c. and the face layer is fastened with 2" Type S drywall screws spaced 12" o.c. in the field and 8" o.c. on   the edges. Face layer end joints shall not occur on the same I-joist as base layer   end joints and edge joints shall be offset 24" from base layer joints. Face layer to   also be attached to base layer with 1½" Type G drywall screws spaced 8" o.c.   placed 6" from face layer end joints. Face

    layer wallboard joints to be taped and   covered with joint compound.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Varies

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    1

     

     

     

     

     

     

    27. Wood I-joist   (minimum I-joist depth 9½" with a minimum  flange depth of 15/16" and   a minimum flange cross-  sectional area of 1.95  square inches; minimum  web thickness of 3/8") @   24" o.c.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    27-1.1

    Minimum 0.019" thick resilient channel   16" o.c. (channels doubled at wallboard   end joints), placed perpendicular to the  joist and attached to each joist by 15/8"   Type S drywall screws. Two layers of ½" Type X gypsum wallboard applied with   the long dimension perpendicular to the I-  joists with end joints staggered. The base  layer is fastened with 1¼" Type S  drywall screws spaced 12" o.c. and the face layer is fastened with 15/8" Type S  drywall screws spaced 12" o.c. Face layer end joints shall not occur on the same I-  joist as base layer end joints and edge   joints shall be offset 24" from base layer  joints. Face layer to also be attached to base layer with 1½" Type G drywall  screws spaced 8" o.c. placed 6" from face layer end joints. Face layer wallboard

    joints to be taped and covered with joint compound.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Varies

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

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    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    1

     

     

     

    28. Wood I-joist (minimum I-joist depth 9¼" with a minimum flange depth of 1½" and a minimum flange cross- sectional area of 2.25 square inches; minimum

    web thickness of 3/8") @

    24" o.c. Unfaced fiberglass insulation is installed between the I- joists supported on the upper surface of the flange by stay wires spaced 12" o.c.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    28-1.1

    Base layer of 5/8" Type C gypsum   wallboard attached directly to I-joists  with 15/8" Type S drywall screws spaced 12" o.c. with ends staggered. Minimum   0.0179" thick hat-shaped 7/8-inch furring   channel 16" o.c. (channels doubled at wallboard end joints), placed   perpendicular to the joist and attached to   each joist by 15 /8" Type S drywall screws  after the base layer of gypsum wallboard  has been applied. The middle and face   layers of 5/8" Type C gypsum wallboard applied perpendicular to the channel with   end joints staggered. The middle layer is  fastened with 1" Type S drywall screws spaced 12" o.c. The face layer is applied parallel to the middle layer but with the   edge joints offset 24" from those of the  middle layer and fastened with 15/8" Type  S drywall screws 8" o.c. The joints shall  be taped and covered with joint   compound.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Varies

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

    29. Channel-shaped 18 gage steel joists (minimum depth 8") spaced a maximum 24"

    o.c. supporting tongue- and-groove wood  structural panels (nominal minimum ¾" thick) applied perpendicular to framing members. Structural panels attached

    with 1-5/8" Type S-12  screws spaced 12" o.c.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    29-1.1

    Base layer 5/8" Type X gypsum board   applied perpendicular to bottom of  framing members with 11/8" Type S-12  screws spaced 12" o.c. Second layer 5/8"   Type X gypsum board attached perpendicular to framing members with  15 /8" Type S-12 screws spaced 12" o.c.  Second layer joints offset 24" from base   layer. Third layer 5/8" Type X gypsum  board attached perpendicular to framing members with 23/8" Type S-12 screws  spaced 12" o.c. Third layer joints offset   12" from second layer joints. Hat-shaped 7/8-inch rigid furring channels applied at right angles to framing members over   third layer with two 23 /8" Type S-12  screws at each framing member. Face  layer 5/8" Type X gypsum board applied   at right angles to furring channels with  11/8" Type S screws spaced 12" o.c.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Varies

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    33/8

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    -

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = .454 kg, 1 cubic foot = 0.0283m3, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 pound per lineal foot = 1.4882 kg/m.

    a. Staples with equivalent holding power and penetration shall be permitted to be used as alternate fasteners to nails for attachment to wood framing.

    b. When the slab is in an unrestrained condition, minimum reinforcement cover shall not be less than 15/8 inches for 4-hour (siliceous aggregate only); 11/4 inches for 4- and 3-hour; 1 inch for 2-hour (siliceous aggregate only); and 3/4 inch for all other restrained and unrestrained conditions.

    c.For all of the construction with gypsum wallboard described in this table, gypsum base for veneer plaster of the same size, thickness and core type shall be permitted to be substituted for gypsum wallboard, provided attachment is identical to that specified for the wallboard, and the joints on the face layer are reinforced and the entire surface is covered with a minimum of 1/16-inch gypsum veneer plaster.

    d.Slab thickness over steel joists measured at the joists for metal lath form and at the top of the form for steel form units.

    e.(a) The maximum allowable stress level for H-Series joists shall not exceed 22,000 psi.

        (b) The allowable stress for K-Series joists shall not exceed 26,000 psi, the nominal depth of such joist shall not be less than 10 inches and the nominal joist weight shall not be less than 5 pounds per lineal foot.

    f.Cement plaster with 15 pounds of hydrated lime and 3 pounds of approved additives or admixtures per bag of cement.

    g.  Gypsum wallboard ceilings attached to steel framing shall be permitted to be suspended with 11/2-inch cold-formed carrying channels spaced 48 inches on center, which are suspended with No. 8 SWG galvanized wire hangers spaced 48 inches on center. Cross-furring channels are tied to the carrying channels with No.18 SWG galvanized wire hangers spaced 48 inches on center. Cross-furring channels are tied to the carrying channels with No. 18 SWG galvanized wire (double strand) and spaced as required for direct attachment to the framing. This alternative is also applicable to those steel framing assemblies recognized under Note q.

    h.Six-inch hollow clay tile with 2-inch concrete slab above.

    i.  Four-inch hollow clay tile with 11/2-inch concrete slab above. j. Thickness measured to bottom of steel form units.

    k. Five-eighths inch of vermiculite gypsum plaster plus 1/2 inch of approved vermiculite acoustical plastic. l. Furring channels spaced 12 inches on center.

    m.Double wood floor shall be permitted to be either of the following:

    (a)Subfloor of 1-inch nominal boarding, a layer of asbestos paper weighing not less than 14 pounds per 100 square feet and a layer of 1-inch nominal tongue-and-groove finished flooring; or

    (b)  Subfloor of 1-inch nominal tongue-and-groove boarding or 15/32-inch wood structural panels with exterior glue and a layer of 1- inch nominal tongue-and-groove finished flooring or 19/32-inch wood structural panel finish flooring or a layer of Type I Grade M-1 particleboard not less than 5/8-inch thick.

    n.The ceiling shall be permitted to be omitted over unusable space, and flooring shall be permitted to be omitted where unusable space occurs above.

    o.For properties of cooler or wallboard nails, see ASTM C 514, ASTM C 547 or ASTM F 1667.  p. Thickness measured on top of steel deck unit.

    q. Generic fire-resistance ratings (those not designated as PROPRIETARY* in the listing) in the GA 600 shall be accepted as if herein listed.

    CALCULATED FIRE RESISTANCE

    721.1General. The provisions of this section contain procedures by which the fire resistance of specific materials or combinations of materials is established by  calculations. These procedures apply only to the information contained in this section and shall not be otherwise used. The calculated fire resistance of concrete, concrete masonry and clay masonry assemblies shall be permitted in accordance with ACI 216.1/TMS 0216. The calculated fire resistance of steel assemblies shall be permitted in accordance with Chapter 5 of ASCE 29. The calculated fire  resistance of exposed wood members and wood decking shall be permitted in accordance with Chapter 16 of ANSI/AF&PA National Design Specification for  Wood Construction (NDS).

    721.1.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of  this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown  herein.

    CERAMIC FIBER BLANKET. A mineral wool insulation material made of  alumina-silica fibers and weighing 4 to 10 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) (64 to 160 kg/m3).

    CONCRETE, CARBONATE AGGREGATE. Concrete made with  aggregates consisting mainly of calcium or magnesium carbonate, such as  limestone or dolomite, and containing 40 percent or less quartz, chert or flint.

    CONCRETE, CELLULAR. A lightweight insulating concrete made by  mixing a preformed foam with portland cement slurry and having a dry unit weight of approximately 30 pcf (480 kg/m3).

    CONCRETE, LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE. Concrete made with  aggregates of expanded clay, shale, slag or slate or sintered fly ash or any natural lightweight aggregate meeting ASTM C 330 and  possessing  equivalent fire-resistance properties and weighing 85 to 115 pcf (1360 to 1840 kg/m3).

    CONCRETE, PERLITE. A lightweight insulating concrete having a dry unit weight of approximately 30 pcf (480 kg/m3) made with perlite concrete aggregate. Perlite aggregate is produced from a volcanic rock which, when  heated, expands to form a glass-like material of cellular structure.

    CONCRETE, SAND-LIGHTWEIGHT. Concrete made with a combination  of expanded clay, shale, slag, slate, sintered fly ash, or any natural lightweight aggregate meeting ASTM C 330 and possessing equivalent fire-resistance properties and natural sand. Its unit weight is generally between 105 and 120 pcf (1680 and 1920 kg/m3).

    CONCRETE, SILICEOUS AGGREGATE. Concrete made with normal- weight aggregates consisting mainly of silica or compounds other than calcium or magnesium carbonate, which contains more than 40-percent quartz, chert or flint.          

    CONCRETE, VERMICULITE. A lightweight insulating concrete  made with vermiculite concrete aggregate which is laminated micaceous material produced by expanding the ore at high temperatures. When added to a portland cement slurry the resulting concrete has a dry unit weight of approximately 30 pcf (480 kg/m3).

    MINERAL BOARD. A rigid felted thermal insulation board consisting of  either felted mineral fiber or cellular beads of expanded aggregate formed into flat rectangular units.

    GLASS FIBERBOARD. Fibrous glass roof insulation consisting of  inorganic glass fibers formed into rigid boards using a binder. The board has a top surface faced with asphalt and kraft reinforced with glass fiber.

    721.2Concrete assemblies. The provisions of this section contain procedures by  which the fire-resistance ratings of concrete assemblies are established by  calculations.

    721.2.1Concrete walls. Cast-in-place and precast concrete walls shall comply with Section 721.2.1.1. Multiwythe concrete walls shall comply with Section 721.2.1.2. Joints between precast panels shall comply with Section  721.2.1.3. Concrete walls with gypsum wallboard or plaster finish shall comply with Section 721.2.1.4.

    721.2.1.1Cast-in-place or precast walls. The minimum equivalent thicknesses of cast-in-place or precast concrete walls for fire-resistance ratings of 1 hour to 4 hours are shown in Table 721.2.1.1. For solid walls with flat vertical surfaces, the equivalent thickness is the same as the actual thickness. The values in Table 721.2.1.1 apply to plain, reinforced or prestressed concrete walls.

    TABLE 721.2.1.1

    MINIMUM EQUIVALENT THICKNESS OF CAST-IN-PLACE OR  PRECAST CONCRETE WALLS, LOAD-BEARING OR NONLOAD-BEARING

     

    CONCRETE  TYPE

    MINIMUM SLAB THICKNESS (inches) FOR FIRE- RESISTANCE RATING OF

    1-hour

    1½ -hour

    2-hour

    3-hour

    4-hour

    Siliceous

    3.5

    4.3

    5.0

    6.2

    7.0

    Carbonate

    3.2

    4.0

    4.6

    5.7

    6.6

    Sand-Lightweight

    2.7

    3.3

    3.8

    4.6

    5.4

    Lightweight

    2.5

    3.1

    3.6

    4.4

    5.1

                    For SI:  1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    721.2.1.1.1Hollow-core precast wall panels. For hollow-core precast concrete wall panels in which the cores are of constant cross section throughout  the  length,  calculation  of  the  equivalent  thickness  by

    dividing the net cross-sectional area (the gross cross section minus the area of the cores) of the panel by its width shall be permitted.

    721.2.1.1.2Core spaces filled. Where all of the core spaces of hollow- core wall panels are filled with loose-fill material, such as expanded shale, clay, or slag, or vermiculite or perlite, the fire-resistance rating of the wall is the same as that of a solid wall of the same concrete type and of the same overall thickness.

    721.2.1.1.3Tapered cross sections. The thickness of panels with tapered cross sections shall be that determined at a distance 2t or 6  inches (152 mm), whichever is less, from the point of minimum thickness, where t is the minimum thickness.

    721.2.1.1.4Ribbed or undulating surfaces. The equivalent thickness  of panels with ribbed or undulating surfaces shall be determined by  one of the following expressions:

    For s ?  4t, the thickness to be used shall be t

    For s ?  2t, the thickness to be used shall be te  For 4t > s > 2t, the thickness to be used shall be

    t +

    t - 1(t

    -  t )

    (Equation 7-3)

    4    

     
    s         e                                                               

    where:

    s = Spacing of ribs or undulations.   t = Minimum thickness.

    te = Equivalent  thickness  of  the  panel  calculated  as  the  net  cross-

    sectional area of the panel divided by the width, in which the maximum thickness used in the calculation shall not exceed 2t.

    721.2.1.2Multiwythe walls. For walls that consist  of two wythes of  different types of concrete, shall be permitted to be determined from Figure 721.2.1.2.

    721.2.1.2.1Two or more wythes. The fire-resistance rating for wall panels consisting of two or more wythes shall be permitted to be determined by the formula:

    R = (R10.59 + R20.59 + ... + Rn0.59)1.7             (Equation 7-4)

    where:

    R = The fire endurance of the assembly, minutes.

    R1, R2, and Rn = The fire endurances of the individual wythes, minutes. Values of Rn 0.59 for use in Equation 7-4 are given in Table 21.2.1.2(1).  Calculated fire-resistance ratings are shown in Table 21.2.1.2(2).

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    FIGURE 721.2.1.2

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS OF TWO-WYTHE CONCRETE WALLS

    TABLE 721.2.1.2(1)

     

    TYPE OF MATERIAL

    THICKNESS OF MATERIAL (inches)

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    Siliceous aggregate concrete

    5.3

    6.5

    8.1

    9.5

    11.3

    13.0

    14.9

    16.9

    18.8

    20.7

    22.8

    25.1

    Carbonate aggregate concrete

    5.5

    7.1

    8.9

    10.4

    12.0

    14.0

    16.2

    18.1

    20.3

    21.9

    24.7

    27.2c

    Sand-lightweight  concrete

    6.5

    8.2

    10.5

    12.8

    15.5

    18.1

    20.7

    23.3

    26.0c 

    Note c

    Note c

    Note c

    Lightweight   concrete

     

    6.6

     

    8.8

     

    11.2

     

    13.7

     

    16.5

     

    19.1

     

    21.9

     

    24.7

    27.8c

     

    Note c

     

    Note c

     

    Note c

    Insulating concretea

    9.3

    13.3

    16.6

    18.3

    23.1

    26.5c

    Note c

    Note c

    Note c

    Note c

    Note c

    Note c

    Airspaceb

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

     

     
    VALUES OF Rn0.59 FOR USE IN EQUATION 7-4

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per cubic foot = 16.02 kg/m3.

    a.             Dry unit weight of 35 pcf or less and consisting of cellular, perlite or vermiculite concrete.

    b.  

    n

     
    The Rn 0.59 value for one ½" to 3½" airspace is 3.3. The R 0.59

    c.The fire-resistance rating for this thickness exceeds 4 hours.

    value for two ½" to 3½" airspaces is 6.7.

    TABLE 721.2.1.2(2)

    a

    R  , MINUTES

    R 0.59

    60

    11.20

    120

    16.85

    180

    21.41

    240

    25.37

     

     
    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS BASED ON RO.59

    a.   Based on Equation 7-4.

    721.2.1.2.2Foam plastic insulation. The fire-resistance ratings of precast concrete  wall panels consisting of  a layer  of foam plastic insulation sandwiched between two wythes of concrete shall be permitted to be determined by use of Equation 7-4. Foam plastic insulation with a total thickness of less than 1 inch (25 mm) shall be disregarded. The Rn value for thickness of foam plastic insulation of 1  inch (25 mm) or greater, for use in the calculation, is 5 minutes; there- fore Rn0.59 = 2.5.

    721.2.1.3Joints between precast wall panels. Joints between precast concrete wall panels which are not insulated as required by this section  shall be considered as openings in walls. Uninsulated joints shall be included in determining the percentage of openings permitted by Table  705.8. Where openings are not permitted or are required by this code to be protected, the provisions of this section shall be used to determine the amount of joint insulation required. Insulated joints shall not be considered openings for purposes of determining compliance with the allowable percentage of openings in Table 705.8

    721.2.1.3.1Ceramic fiber joint protection. Figure 721.2.1.3.1 shows  thicknesses of ceramic fiber blankets to be used to insulate joints between precast concrete wall panels for various panel thicknesses and for joint widths of 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) and 1 inch (25 mm) for fire- resistance ratings of 1 hour to 4 hours. For joint widths between 3/8  inch (9.5 mm) and 1 inch (25 mm), the thickness of ceramic fiber blanket is allowed to be determined by direct interpolation. Other

    tested and labeled materials are acceptable in place of ceramic fiber blankets.

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    FIGURE 721.2.1.3.1 CERAMIC FIBER JOINT PROTECTION

    721.2.1.4Walls with gypsum wallboard or plaster finishes. The fire-  resistance rating of cast-in-place or precast concrete walls with finishes of  gypsum wallboard or plaster applied to one or both sides shall be permitted to be calculated in accordance with the provisions of this section.

    721.2.1.4.1Nonfire-exposed side. Where the finish of gypsum wallboard or plaster is applied to the side of the wall not exposed to fire, the contribution of the finish to the total fire-resistance rating shall be determined as follows: The thickness of the finish shall first be corrected by multiplying the actual thickness of the finish by the applicable factor determined from Table 721.2.1.4(1) based on the type of aggregate in the concrete. The corrected thickness of finish shall then be added to the actual or equivalent thickness of concrete

    and fire-resistance rating of the concrete and finish determined from Table 721.2.1.1, Figure 721.2.1.2 or Table 721.2.1.2(1).

    721.2.1.4.2Fire-exposed side. Where gypsum wallboard or plaster is applied to the fire-exposed side of the wall, the contribution of the  finish to the total fire-resistance rating shall be determined as follows: The time assigned to the finish as established by Table 721.2.1.4(2)  shall be added to the fire-resistance rating determined from Table  721.2.1.1 or Figure 721.2.1.2, or Table 721.2.1.2(1) for the concrete alone, or to the rating determined in Section 721.2.1.4.1 for the concrete and finish on the nonfire-exposed side.

    TABLE 721.2.1.4(1)

     

     

     

     

     

    TYPE OF FINISH APPLIED TO CONCRETE OR CONCRETE MASONRY WALL

    TYPE OF AGGREGATE USED IN CONCRETE OR CONCRETE MASONRY

    Concrete: siliceous or carbonate Concrete Masonry: siliceous or carbonate; solid clay brick

    Concrete: sand- lightweight Concrete Masonry: clay tile; hollow clay brick; concrete masonry units of expanded shale and <20% sand

    Concrete: lightweight Concrete Masonry: concrete masonry units of expanded shale, expanded clay, expanded slag, or pumice < 20% sand

     

     

     

    Concrete Masonry: concrete masonry units of

    expanded slag, expanded clay, or pumice

    Portland cement-sand plaster

    1.00

    0.75a

    0.75a

    0.50a

    Gypsum-sand plaster

    1.25

    1.00

    1.00

    1.00

    Gypsum-vermiculite or perlite plaster

    1.75

    1.50

    1.25

    1.25

    Gypsum wallboard

    3.00

    2.25

    2.25

    2.25

     

     
    MULTIPLYING FACTOR FOR FINISHES ON NONFIRE-EXPOSED SIDE OF WALL

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    a. For portland cement-sand plaster 5/8 inch or less in thickness and applied directly to the concrete or concrete masonry on the nonfire-exposed side of the wall, the multiplying factor shall be 1.00.

    TABLE 721.2.1.4(2)

    FINISH DESCRIPTION

    TIME (minute)

    Gypsum wallboard

     

    10

    3/8 inch

      ½ inch

    15

    5/8 inch

    20

    2 layers of 3/8 inch

    25

    1 layer 3/8 inch, 1 layer ½ inch

    35

      2 layers ½ inch

    40

    Type X gypsum wallboard

     

    25

    ½ inch

    5/8 inch

    40

    Portland cement-sand plaster applied directly to concrete masonry

    See Note a

     

     
    TIME ASSIGNED TO FINISH MATERIALS ON FIRE-EXPOSED SIDE OF WALL

    Portland cement-sand plaster on metal lath

     

    20

    ¾ inch

    7/8 inch

    25

    1 inch

    30

    Gypsum sand plaster on 3/8-inch gypsum lath

     

    35

    ½ inch

    5/8 inch

    40

    ¾ inch

    50

    Gypsum sand plaster on metal lath

     

    50

    ¾ inch

    7/8 inch

    60

    1 inch

    80

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    a. The actual thickness of portland cement-sand plaster, provided it is 5/8 inch or less in thickness, shall be permitted to be included in determining the equivalent thickness of the masonry for use in Table 721.3.2.

    721.2.1.4.3Nonsymmetrical assemblies. For a wall having no finish on one side or different types or thicknesses of finish on each side, the calculation procedures of Sections 721.2.1.4.1 and 721.2.1.4.2 shall be performed twice, assuming either side of the wall to be the fire- exposed side. The fire-resistance rating of the wall shall not exceed the lower of the two values.

    Exception: For an exterior wall with a fire separation distance greater than 5 feet (1524 mm) the fire shall be assumed to occur on  the interior side only.

    721.2.1.4.4Minimum concrete fire-resistance rating. Where finishes applied to one or both sides of a concrete wall contribute to the fire-resistance rating, the concrete alone shall provide not less than one-half of the total required fire-resistance rating. Additionally, the contribution to the fire resistance of the finish on the nonfire-exposed side of a load-bearing wall shall not exceed one-half the contribution  of the concrete alone.

    721.2.1.4.5Concrete finishes. Finishes  on concrete walls that are  assumed to contribute to the total fire-resistance rating of the wall shall comply with the installation requirements of Section 721.3.2.5.

    721.2.2 Concrete floor and roof slabs. Reinforced and prestressed floors and  roofs shall comply with Section 721.2.2.1. Multicourse floors and roofs shall comply with Sections 721.2.2.2 and 721.2.2.3, respectively.

    721.2.2.1Reinforced and prestressed floors and roofs. The minimum thicknesses of reinforced and prestressed concrete floor or roof slabs for  fire-resistance ratings of 1 hour to 4 hours are shown in Table 721.2.2.1.

    TABLE 721.2.2.1 MINIMUM SLAB THICKNESS (inches)

     

    CONCRETE TYPE

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hour)

    1

    2

    3

    4

    Siliceous

    3.5

    4.3

    5.0

    6.2

    7.0

    Carbonate

    3.2

    4.0

    4.6

    5.7

    6.6

    Sand-lightweight

    2.7

    3.3

    3.8

    4.6

    5.4

    Lightweight

    2.5

    3.1

    3.6

    4.4

    5.1

    For SI:   1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    721.2.2.1.1Hollow-core prestressed slabs. For hollow-core prestressed concrete slabs in which the cores are of constant cross  section throughout the length, the equivalent thickness shall be permitted to be obtained by dividing the net cross-sectional area of the slab including grout in the joints, by its width.

    721.2.2.1.2Slabs with sloping soffits. The thickness of slabs with sloping soffits (see Figure 721.2.2.1.2) shall be determined at a distance 2t or 6 inches (152 mm), whichever is less, from the point of  minimum thickness, where t is the minimum thickness.

    For SI:   1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    FIGURE 721.2.2.1.2 DETERMINATION OF SLAB THICKNESS

    FOR SLOPING SOFFITS

    721.2.2.1.3Slabs with ribbed soffits. The thickness of slabs with   ribbed or undulating soffits (see Figure 721.2.2.1.3) shall be determined by one of the following expressions, whichever is   applicable:

    For s > 4t, the thickness to be used shall be t

    For s ?  2t, the thickness to be used shall be te  For 4t > s > 2t, the thickness to be used shall be

    t +

    t - 1(t

    -  t )         (Equation 7-5)

    4    

    s        e

    where:            

    t = Minimum thickness.

    s = Spacing of ribs or undulations.

    te = Equivalent thickness of the slab calculated as the net area of the slab divided by the width, in which the maximum thickness used in the calculation shall not exceed 2t.

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    FIGURE 721.2.2.1.3

    SLABS WITH RIBBED OR UNDULATING SOFFITS

    721.2.2.2Multicourse floors. The fire-resistance ratings of floors that consist of a base slab of concrete with a topping (overlay) of a different

    type of concrete shall comply with Figure 721.2.2.2.

    For SI:   1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    FIGURE 721.2.2.2

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS FOR TWO-COURSE CONCRETE FLOORS

    721.2.2.3Multicourse roofs. The fire-resistance ratings of roofs which consist of a base slab of concrete with a topping (overlay) of an insulating concrete or with an insulating board and built-up roofing shall comply with Figures 721.2.2.3(1) and 721.2.2.3(2).

    721.2.2.3.1Heat transfer. For the transfer of heat, three-ply built-up roofing contributes 10 minutes to the fire-resistance rating. The fire- resistance rating for concrete assemblies such as those shown in Figure  721.2.2.3(1) shall be increased by 10 minutes. This increase is not applicable to those shown in Figure 721.2.2.3(2).

    721.2.2.4Joints in precast slabs. Joints between adjacent precast concrete slabs need not be considered in calculating the slab thickness  provided that a concrete topping at least 1 inch (25 mm) thick is used.  Where no concrete topping is used, joints must be grouted to a depth of at

    least one-third the slab thickness at the joint, but not less than 1 inch (25  mm), or the joints must be made fire resistant by other approved methods.

    721.2.3Concrete cover over  reinforcement. The minimum thickness of  concrete cover over reinforcement in concrete slabs, reinforced beams and prestressed beams shall comply with this section.

    721.2.3.1Slab cover. The minimum thickness of concrete cover to the positive moment reinforcement shall comply with Table 721.2.3(1) for  reinforced concrete and Table 721.2.3(2) for prestressed concrete. These tables are applicable for solid or hollow-core one-way or two-way slabs  with flat undersurfaces. These tables are applicable to slabs that are either cast in place or precast. For precast prestressed concrete not covered elsewhere, the procedures contained in PCI MNL 124 shall be acceptable.

    721.2.3.2Reinforced beam cover. The minimum thickness of concrete cover to the positive moment reinforcement (bottom steel) for reinforced concrete beams is shown in Table 721.2.3(3) for fire-resistance ratings of 1 hour to 4 hours.

    721.2.3.3Prestressed beam cover. The minimum thickness of concrete cover to the positive moment prestressing tendons (bottom steel) for  restrained and unrestrained prestressed concrete beams and stemmed units shall comply with the values shown in Tables 721.2.3(4) and 721.2.3(5) for fire-resistance ratings of 1 hour to 4 hours. Values in Table 721.2.3(4)  apply to beams 8 inches (203 mm) or greater in width. Values in Table  721.2.3(5) apply to beams or stems of any width, provided the cross- section area is not less than 40 square inches (25 806 mm2). In case of differences between the values determined from Table 721.2.3(4) or 721.2.3(5), it is permitted to use the smaller value. The concrete cover shall be calculated in accordance with Section 721.2.3.3.1. The minimum concrete cover for nonprestressed reinforcement in prestressed concrete beams shall comply with Section 721.2.3.2.

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    FIGURE 721.2.2.3(1)

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS FOR CONCRETE ROOF ASSEMBLIES

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    FIGURE 721.2.2.3(2)

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS FOR CONCRETE ROOF ASSEMBLIES

    TABLE 721.2.3(1)

    CONCRETE AGGREGATE TYPE

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

    Restrained

    Unrestrained

     

     
    COVER THICKNESS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR OR ROOF SLABS (inches)

     

    1

    1 ½

    2

    3

    4

    1

    1 ½

    2

    3

    4

    Siliceous

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    1

    1 ¼

    1 5/8

    Carbonate

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    1 ¼

    1 ¼

    Sand-lightweight or lightweight

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    1 ¼

    1 ¼

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    TABLE 721.2.3(2)

     

     

     

    CONCRETE AGGREGATE TYPE

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

    Restrained

    Unrestrained

    1

    1 ½

    2

    3

    4

    1

    1 ½

    2

    3

    4

    Siliceous

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    1 1/8

    1 ½

    1 ¾

    2 3/8

    2 ¾

    Carbonate

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    1

    1 3/8

    1 5/8

    2 1/8

    2 ¼

    Sand-lightweight or lightweight

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    1

    1 3/8

    1 ½

    2

    2 ¼

     

     
    COVER THICKNESS FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE FLOOR OR ROOF SLABS (inches)

                                                                                                          

                                         

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    TABLE 721.2.3(3)

     

    RESTRAINED OR UNRESTRAINEDa

    BEAM  WIDTHb

    (inches)

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

    1

    1 ½

    2

    3

    4

     

    Restrained

    5

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    1a

    1 ¼ a

    7

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ? 10

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

     

    Unrestrained

    5

    ¾

    1

    1 ¼

    -

    -

    7

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    1 ¾

    3

    ? 10

    ¾

    ¾

    ¾

    1

    1 ¾

     

     
    MINIMUM COVER FOR MAIN REINFORCING BARS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMSc (APPLICABLE TO ALL TYPES OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

                                                                           

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

    a.Tabulated values for restrained assemblies apply to beams spaced more than 4 feet on center. For restrained beams spaced 4  feet or less on center, minimum cover of ¾ inch is adequate for ratings of 4 hours or less.

    b.For beam widths between the tabulated values, the minimum cover thickness can be determined by direct interpolation.

    c. The cover for an individual reinforcing bar is the minimum thickness of concrete between the surface of the bar and the fire- exposed surface of the beam. For beams in which several bars are used, the cover for corner bars used in the calculation  shall be reduced to one-half of the actual value. The cover for an individual bar must be not less than one-half of the value  given in Table 721.2.3(3) nor less than ¾ inch.

    TABLE 721.2.3(4)

    RESTRAINED OR UNRESTRAINEDa

    CONCRETE  AGGREGATE TYPE

    BEAM WIDTHb

    (inches)

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

    1

    1 ½

    2

    3

    4

     

     
    MINIMUM COVER FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS 8 INCHES OR GREATER IN WIDTH

     

    Restrained

    Carbonate or siliceous

    8

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ¾ a

    2 ½ a

    Carbonate or siliceous  Sand lightweight Sand

    ? 12

    8

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    11/2

    11/2

    1 7/8 a

    2a

    lightweight

    ? 12

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    11/2

    1 5/8 a

     

    Unrestrained

    Carbonate or siliceous

    8

    1 ½

    1 ¾

    2 ½

    5c

    -

    Carbonate or siliceous  Sand lightweight Sand

    ? 12

    8

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 7/8 a

    2

    2 ½

    3 ¼

    3

     -

    lightweight

    ? 12

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 5/8

    2

    2 ½

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

    a. Tabulated values for restrained assemblies apply to beams spaced more than 4 feet on center. For restrained beams spaced 4 feet or less on    center, minimum cover of ¾ inch is adequate for 4-hour ratings or less.

    b.For beam widths between 8 inches and 12 inches, minimum cover thickness can be determined by direct interpolation.    c. Not practical for 8-inch-wide beam but shown for purposes of interpolation.

    TABLE 721.2.3(5) MINIMUM COVER FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS OF  ALL WIDTHS

     

    RESTRAINED OR UNRESTRAINEDa

    CONCRETE  AGGREGATE  TYPE

     

    BEAM AREAb A (square inches)

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

    1

    1 ½

    2

    3

    4

     

     

    Restrained

    All

    40 ? A ? 150

    1 ½

    1 ½

    2

    2 ½

    -

     

    Carbonate or siliceous

    150 < A ? 300

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ¾

    2 ½

    300 < A

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    2

    Sand lightweight

    150 < A

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    2

     

     

    Unrestrained

    All

    40 ? A ? 150

    2

    2 ½

    -

    -

    -

     

    Carbonate or siliceous

    150  < A ? 300

    1 ½

    1 ¾

    2 ½

    -

    -

    300  < A

    1 ½

    1 ½

    2

    3c

    4c

    Sand lightweight

    150  < A

    1 ½

    1 ½

    2

    3c

    4c

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

    a.Tabulated values for restrained assemblies apply to beams spaced more than 4 feet on center. For restrained beams spaced 4  feet or less on center, minimum cover of ¾ inch is adequate for 4-hour ratings or less.

    b.The cross-sectional area of a stem is permitted to include a portion of the area in the flange, provided the width of the flange  used in the calculation does not exceed three times the average width of the stem.

    c. U-shaped or hooped stirrups spaced not to exceed the depth of the member and having a minimum cover of 1 inch shall be provided.

    721.2.3.3.1 Calculating concrete cover. The concrete cover for an individual tendon is the minimum thickness of concrete between the surface of the tendon and the fire-exposed surface of the beam, except that for ungrouted ducts, the assumed cover thickness is the minimum thickness of concrete between the surface of the duct and the fire- exposed surface of the beam. For beams in which two or more tendons are used, the cover is assumed to be the average of the minimum cover  of the individual tendons. For corner tendons (tendons equal distance from the bottom and side), the minimum cover used in the calculation shall be one-half the actual value. For stemmed members with two or

    more prestressing tendons located along the vertical centerline of the stem, the average cover shall be the distance from the bottom of the member to the centroid of the tendons. The actual cover for any individual tendon shall not be less than one-half the smaller value  shown in Tables 721.2.3(4) and 721.2.3(5), or 1 inch (25 mm),  whichever is greater.

    721.2.4Concrete columns. Concrete columns shall comply with this section.

    TABLE 721.2.4

     

    TYPES OF CONCRETE

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

    1

    1 ½

    2a

    3a

    4b

    Siliceous

    8

    9

    10

    12

    14

    Carbonate

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    Sand-lightweight

    8

    8 ½

    9

    10 ½

    12

     

     
    MINIMUM DIMENSION OF CONCRETE COLUMNS (inches)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

    For SI: 1 inch = 25 mm.

    a.The minimum dimension is permitted to be reduced to 8 inches for rectangular columns with two parallel sides at least 36 inches in length.

    b.The  minimum  dimension  is  permitted  to  be  reduced  to  10  inches  for rectangular columns with two parallel sides at least 36 inches in length.

    721.2.4.1Minimum size. The minimum overall dimensions of reinforced concrete columns for fire-resistance ratings of 1 hour to 4 hours for  exposure to fire on all sides shall comply with this section.

    721.2.4.1.1Concrete strength less than or equal to 12,000 psi. For  columns made with concrete having a specified compressive strength, f'c, of less than or equal to 12,000 psi (82.7 MPa), the minimum dimension shall comply with Table 721.2.4.

    721.2.4.1.2Concrete strength greater than 12,000 psi. For columns  made with concrete having a specified compressive strength, f'c,  greater than 12,000 psi (82.7 MPa), for fire-resistance ratings of 1 hour to 4 hours the minimum dimension shall be 24 inches (610 mm).

    721.2.4.2Minimum cover for R/C columns. The minimum thickness of  concrete cover to the main longitudinal reinforcement in columns, regardless of the type of aggregate used in the concrete and the specified compressive strength of concrete, f'c, shall not be less than 1 inch (25 mm)

    times the number of hours of required fire resistance or 2 inches (51 mm),  whichever is less.

    721.2.4.3Tie and spiral reinforcement. For concrete columns made with concrete having a specified compressive strength, f'c, greater than 12,000  psi (82.7 MPa), tie and spiral reinforcement shall comply with the following:

    1.The free ends of rectangular ties shall terminate with a 135-degree  (2.4 rad) standard tie hook.

    2.The free ends of circular ties shall terminate with a 90-degree (1.6  rad) standard tie hook.

    3.The free ends of spirals, including at lap splices, shall terminate with a 90-degree (1.6 rad) standard tie hook.

    The hook extension at the free end of ties and spirals shall be the larger  of six bar diameters and the extension required by Section 7.1.3 of ACI 318. Hooks shall project into the core of the column.

    721.2.4.4Columns built into walls. The minimum dimensions of Table  721.2.4 do not apply to a reinforced concrete column that is built into a concrete or masonry wall provided all of the following are met:

    1.The fire-resistance rating for the wall is equal to or greater than the required rating of the column;

    2.The main longitudinal reinforcing in the column has cover not less  than that required by Section 721.2.4.2; and

    3.Openings in the wall are protected in accordance with Table 715.4.

    Where openings in the wall are not protected as required by Section  715.4, the minimum dimension of columns required to have a fire- resistance rating of 3 hours or less shall be 8 inches (203 mm), and 10 inches (254 mm) for columns required to have a fire-resistance rating of 4 hours, regardless of the type of aggregate used in the concrete.

    721.2.4.5Precast cover units for steel columns. See Section 721.5.1.4.

    721.3Concrete masonry. The provisions of this section contain procedures by  which the fire-resistance ratings of concrete masonry are established by  calculations.

    721.3.1Equivalent thickness. The equivalent thickness of concrete masonry  construction shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of this section.

    721.3.1.1Concrete masonry unit plus finishes. The equivalent thickness of concrete masonry assemblies, Tea, shall be computed as the sum of the equivalent thickness of the concrete masonry unit, Te, as determined by  Section 721.3.1.2, 721.3.1.3 or 721.3.1.4, plus the equivalent thickness of finishes, Tef, determined in accordance with Section 721.3.2:

    Tea = Te + Tef                                                  (Equation 7-6)

    721.3.1.2   Ungrouted or partially grouted construction. Te shall be the value obtained for the concrete masonry unit determined in accordance with ASTM C 140.

    721.3.1.3    Solid grouted construction. The equivalent thickness, Te, of  solid grouted concrete masonry units is the actual thickness of the unit.

    721.3.1.4Airspaces and cells filled with loose-fill material. The equivalent thickness of completely filled hollow concrete masonry is the actual thickness of the unit when loose-fill materials are: sand, pea gravel, crushed stone, or slag that meet ASTM C 33 requirements; pumice, scoria, expanded shale, expanded clay, expanded slate, expanded slag, expanded fly ash, or cinders that comply with ASTM C 331; or perlite or vermiculite meeting the requirements of ASTM C 549 and ASTM C 516, respectively.

    721.3.2Concrete masonry walls. The fire-resistance rating of walls and partitions constructed of concrete masonry units shall be determined from Table 721.3.2. The rating shall be based on the equivalent thickness of the masonry and type of aggregate used.

    721.3.2.1Finish on nonfire-exposed side. Where plaster or gypsum wallboard is applied to the side of the wall not exposed to fire, the contribution of the finish to the total fire-resistance rating shall be determined as follows: The thickness of gypsum wallboard or plaster shall be corrected by multiplying the actual thickness of the finish by applicable

    factor determined from Table 721.2.1.4(1). This corrected thickness of  finish shall be added to the equivalent thickness of masonry and the fire- resistance rating of the masonry and finish determined from Table 721.3.2.

    721.3.2.2Finish on fire-exposed side. Where plaster or gypsum wallboard is applied to the fire-exposed side of the wall, the contribution  of the  finish  to  the  total  fire-resistance  rating shall be  determined  as  follows: The time assigned to the finish as established by Table  721.2.1.4(2) shall be added to the fire-resistance rating determined in Section 721.3.2 for the masonry alone, or in Section 721.3.2.1 for the masonry and finish on the nonfire-exposed side.

    TABLE 721.3.2

    MINIMUM EQUIVALENT THICKNESS (inches)

     

     

    TYPE OF AGGREGATE

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

    ½

    ¾

    1

    1 ¼

    1 ½

    1 ¾

    2

    2 ¼

    2 ½

    2 ¾

    3

    3 ¼

    3 ½

    3 ¾

    4

    Pumice or expanded slag

    1.5

    1.9

    2.1

    2.5

    2.7

    3.0

    3.2

    3.4

    3.6

    3.8

    4.0

    4.2

    4.4

    4.5

    4.7

    Expanded shale, clay or slate

    1.8

    2.2

    2.6

    2.9

    3.3

    3.4

    3.6

    3.8

    4.0

    4.2

    4.4

    4.6

    4.8

    4.9

    5.1

    Limestone, cinders or unexpanded

    slag

    1.9

    2.3

    2.7

    3.1

    3.4

    3.7

    4.0

    4.3

    4.5

    4.8

    5.0

    5.2

    5.5

    5.7

    5.9

    Calcareous or siliceous gravel

    2.0

    2.4

    2.8

    3.2

    3.6

    3.9

    4.2

    4.5

    4.8

    5.0

    5.3

    5.5

    5.8

    6.0

    6.2

     

     
    OF BEARING OR NONBEARING CONCRETE MASONRY WALLSa,b,c,d

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    a. Values between those shown in the table can be determined by direct interpolation.

    b.Where combustible members are framed into the wall, the thickness of solid material between the end of each member and the opposite face of the wall, or between members set in from opposite sides, shall not be less than 93 percent of the thickness shown in the table.

    c.Requirements of ASTM C 55, ASTM C 73, ASTM C 90 or ASTM C 744 shall apply.

    d.Minimum required equivalent thickness corresponding to the hourly fire-resistance rating for units with a combination of aggregate  shall be determined by linear interpolation based on the percent by volume of each aggregate used in manufacture.

    721.3.2.3Nonsymmetrical assemblies. For a wall having no finish on one side or having different types or thicknesses of finish on each side, the calculation procedures of this section shall be performed twice, assuming either side of the wall to be the fire-exposed side. The fire-resistance rating of the wall shall not exceed the lower of the two values calculated.

    Exception: For exterior walls with a fire separation distance greater than 5 feet (1524 mm) the fire shall be assumed to occur on the interior side only.

    721.3.2.4Minimum concrete masonry fire-resistance rating. Where the  finish applied to a concrete masonry wall contributes to its fire-resistance rating, the masonry alone shall provide not less than one-half the total required fire-resistance rating.

    721.3.2.5Attachment  of  finishes.  Installation  of  finishes  shall  be  as follows:

    1.Gypsum wallboard and gypsum lath applied to concrete masonry or concrete walls shall be secured to wood or steel furring members spaced not more than 16 inches (406 mm) on center (o.c.).

    2.Gypsum  wallboard  shall  be  installed  with  the  long  dimension parallel to the furring members and shall have all joints finished.

    3.Other aspects of the installation of finishes shall comply with the applicable provisions of Chapters 7 and 25.

    721.3.3Multiwythe masonry walls. The fire-resistance rating of wall assemblies constructed of multiple wythes of masonry materials shall be permitted to be based on the fire-resistance rating period of each wythe and the continuous airspace between each wythe in accordance with the following formula:

    RA = (R10.59 + R20.59 + ... + Rn0.59 + A1+ A2 + ... + An)1.7

          (Equation 7-7)

    where:

    RA = Fire-resistance rating of the assembly (hours).

    R1, R2, ..., Rn = Fire-resistance rating of wythes for 1, 2, n (hours),  respectively.

    A1, A2, ...., An = 0.30, factor for each continuous airspace for 1, 2, ...n,  respectively, having a depth of ½ inch (12.7 mm) or more between wythes.

    721.3.4Concrete masonry lintels. Fire-resistance ratings for concrete masonry lintels shall be determined based upon the nominal thickness of the lintel and the minimum thickness of concrete masonry or concrete, or any combination  thereof,  covering  the  main  reinforcing  bars,  as  determined

    according to Table 721.3.4, or by approved alternate methods.

    TABLE 721.3.4

    NOMINAL WIDTH OF

    LINTEL (inches)

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

    1

    2

    3

    4

    6

    1 ½

    2

    -

    -

    8

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ¾

    3

    10 or greater

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ¾

     

     
    MINIMUM COVER OF LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT IN FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED REINFORCED CONCRETE MASONRY LINTELS (inches)

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    721.3.5Concrete masonry columns. The fire-resistance rating of concrete masonry columns shall be determined based upon the least plan dimension of  the column in accordance with Table 721.3.5 or by approved alternate methods.

    TABLE 721.3.5 MINIMUM DIMENSION OF

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

    1

    2

    3

    4

    8 inches

    10 inches

    12 inches

    14 inches

     

     
    CONCRETE MASONRY COLUMNS (inches)

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    721.4Clay brick and tile masonry. The provisions of this section contain procedures by which the fire-resistance ratings of clay brick and tile masonry are established by calculations.

    721.4.1Masonry walls. The fire-resistance rating of masonry walls shall be based upon the equivalent thickness as calculated in accordance with this section. The calculation shall take into account finishes applied to the wall and airspaces between wythes in multiwythe construction.

    721.4.1.1Equivalent thickness. The fire-resistance ratings of walls or  partitions constructed of solid or hollow clay masonry units shall be determined from Table 721.4.1(1) or 721.4.1(2). The equivalent thickness  of the clay masonry unit shall be determined by Equation 7-8 when using Table 721.4.1(1). The fire-resistance rating determined from Table  721.4.1(1) shall be permitted to be used in the calculated fire-resistance rating procedure in Section 721.4.2.

    Te = Vn /LH                                                     (Equation 7-8)

    where:

    Te = The equivalent thickness of the clay masonry unit (inches).

    Vn = The net volume of the clay masonry unit (inch3).

    L = The specified length of the clay masonry unit (inches).

    H = The specified height of the clay masonry unit (inches).

    721.4.1.1.1   Hollow clay units. The equivalent thickness, Te, shall be the value obtained for hollow clay units as determined in accordance with Equation 7-8. The net volume, Vn, of the units shall be determined using the gross volume and percentage of void area determined in accordance with ASTM C 67.

    TABLE 721.4.1(1)

    FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS OF CLAY MASONRY WALLS

     

     

    MATERIAL TYPE

    MINIMUM REQUIRED EQUIVALENT THICKNESS FOR FIRE

    RESISTANCEa, b, c (inches)

    1 hour

    2 hour

    3 hour

    4 hour

    Solid brick of clay or shaled

    2.7

    3.8

    4.9

    6.0

    Hollow brick or tile of clay or shale, unfilled

    2.3

    3.4

    4.3

    5.0

    Hollow brick or tile of clay or shale, grouted or filled with materials specified in Section 721.4.1.1.3

    3.0

    4.4

    5.5

    6.6

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    a. Equivalent thickness as determined from Section 721.4.1.1.

    b.Calculated fire resistance between the hourly increments listed shall be determined by linear interpolation.

    c. Where combustible members are framed in the wall, the thickness of solid material between the end of each member and the opposite face of the wall, or between members set in from opposite sides, shall not be less than 93 percent of the thickness shown.

    d.For units in which the net cross-sectional area of cored brick in any plane parallel to the surface containing the cores is at least 75   percent of the gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane.

    TABLE 721.4.1(2)

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS FOR BEARING STEEL FRAME BRICK VENEER WALLS OR PARTITIONS

     

    WALL OR PARTITION ASSEMBLY

    PLASTER SIDE

    EXPOSED (hours)

    BRICK FACED SIDE

    EXPOSED (hours)

    Outside facing of steel studs:

    ½" wood fiberboard sheathing next to studs, ¾" airspace formed with ¾" x 15/8" wood   strips placed over the fiberboard and secured to the studs; metal or wire lath nailed to  such strips, 3¾" brick veneer held in place by filling ¾" airspace between the brick and lath with mortar. Inside facing of studs: ¾" unsanded gypsum plaster on metal or wire lath attached to 5/16" wood strips secured to edges of the studs.

     

     

     

    1.5

     

     

     

    4

    Outside facing of steel studs:

    1" insulation board sheathing attached to studs, 1" airspace, and 3¾" brick veneer attached to steel frame with metal ties every 5th course. Inside facing of studs: 7/8"   sanded gypsum plaster (1:2 mix) applied on metal or wire lath attached directly to the  studs.

     

     

    1.5

     

     

    4

    Same as above except use 7/8" vermiculite-gypsum plaster or 1" sanded gypsum   plaster (1:2 mix) applied to metal or wire.

    2

    4

    Outside facing of steel studs:

    ½" gypsum sheathing board, attached to studs, and ¾" brick veneer attached to steel frame with metal ties every 5th course. Inside facing of studs: ½" sanded gypsum   plaster (1:2 mix) applied to ½" perforated gypsum lath securely attached to studs and   having strips of metal lath 3 inches wide applied to all horizontal joints of gypsum lath.

     

     

    2

     

     

    4

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    721.4.1.1.2Solid grouted clay units. The equivalent thickness of   solid grouted clay masonry units shall be taken as the actual thickness  of the units.

    721.4.1.1.3Units with filled cores. The equivalent thickness of the hollow clay masonry units is the actual thickness of the unit when  completely filled with loose-fill materials of: sand, pea gravel, crushed  stone, or slag that meet ASTM C 33 requirements; pumice, scoria, expanded shale, expanded clay, expanded slate, expanded slag, expanded fly ash, or cinders in compliance with ASTM C 331; or  perlite or vermiculite meeting the requirements of ASTM C 549 and  ASTM C 516, respectively.

    721.4.1.2Plaster finishes. Where plaster is applied to the wall, the total  fire-resistance rating shall be determined by the formula:

    0.59

    1.7

    R = (Rn      + pl)     (Equation 7-9)

    where:

    R = The fire-resistance rating of the assembly (hours).

    Rn = The fire-resistance rating of the individual wall (hours).   pl = Coefficient for thickness of plaster.

    Values for Rn

    0.59

    for use in Equation 7-9 are given in Table 721.4.1(3).

    Coefficients for thickness of plaster shall be selected from Table  721.4.1(4) based on the actual thickness of plaster applied to the wall or  partition and whether one or two sides of the wall are plastered.

    721.4.1.3Multiwythe walls with airspace. Where a continuous airspace separates multiple wythes of the wall or partition, the total fire-resistance rating shall be determined by the formula:

    R = (R10.59 + R20.59 + ...+Rn0.59 + as)1.7                              (Equation 7-10)

    where:

    R = The fire-resistance rating of the assembly (hours).

    R1, R2 and Rn = The fire-resistance rating of the individual wythes (hours).

    as = Coefficient for continuous airspace.

    Values for Rn0.59 for use in Equation 7-10 are given in Table  721.4.1(3). The coefficient for each continuous airspace of ½ inch to   inches (12.7 to 89 mm) separating two individual wythes shall be 0.3.

    TABLE 721.4.1(3) VALUES OF Rn0.59

    Rn0.59

    R (hours)

    1

    1.0

    2

    1.50

    3

    1.91

    4

    2.27

    THICKNESS OF

    PLASTER (inch)

     

    ONE SIDE

     

    TWO SIDE

    ½

    0.3

    0.6

    5/8

    0.37

    0.75

    ¾

    0.45

    0.90

     

     
    TABLE 721.4.1(4) COEFFICIENTS FOR PLASTER, pla

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    Values listed in table are for 1:3 sanded gypsum plaster.

    TABLE 721.4.1(5)

     

     

    NOMINAL LINTEL

    WIDTH (inches)

    MINIMUM LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT COVER FOR FIRE RESISTANCE (inch)

    1 hour

    2 hour

    3 hour

    4 hour

    6

    1 ½

    2

    NP

    NP

    8

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ¾

    3

    10 or more

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ½

    1 ¾

     

     
    REINFORCED MASONRY LINTELS

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.  NP = Not permitted.

     

     

    COLUMN SIZE

    FIRE-RESISTANCE

    RATING (hour)

    1

    2

    3

    4

    Minimum column dimension (inches)

    8

    10

    12

    14

     

     
    TABLE 721.4.1(6) REINFORCED CLAY MASONRY COLUMNS

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    721.4.1.4Nonsymmetrical assemblies. For a wall having no finish on one side or having different types or thicknesses of finish on each side, the calculation procedures of this section shall be performed twice, assuming either side to be the fire-exposed side of the wall. The fire resistance of the wall shall not exceed the lower of the two values determined.

    Exception: For exterior walls with a fire separation distance greater than 5 feet (1524 mm), the fire shall be assumed to occur on the interior side only.

    721.4.2Multiwythe walls. The fire-resistance rating for walls or partitions consisting of two or more dissimilar wythes shall be permitted to be determined by the formula:

    R = (R10.59 + R20.59 + ...+Rn0.59)1.7                                (Equation 7-11)

    where:

    R = The fire-resistance rating of the assembly (hours).

    R1, R2 and Rn = The fire-resistance rating of the individual wythes (hours). Values for Rn0.59 for use in Equation 7-11 are given in Table 721.4.1(3).

    721.4.2.1 Multiwythe walls of different material. For walls that consist  of two or more wythes of different materials (concrete or concrete masonry units) in combination with clay masonry units, the fire-resistance rating of the different materials shall be permitted to be determined from Table 721.2.1.1 for concrete; Table 721.3.2 for concrete masonry units or  Table 721.4.1(1) or 721.4.1(2) for clay and tile masonry units.

    721.4.3Reinforced clay masonry lintels. Fire-resistance ratings for clay masonry lintels shall be determined based on the nominal width of the lintel and the minimum covering for the longitudinal reinforcement in accordance with Table 721.4.1(5).

    721.4.4Reinforced clay masonry columns. The fire-resistance ratings shall be determined based on the last plan dimension of the column in accordance with Table 721.4.1(6). The minimum cover for longitudinal reinforcement shall be 2 inches (51 mm).

    721.5Steel assemblies. The provisions of this section contain procedures by  which the fire-resistance ratings of steel assemblies are established by  calculations.

    721.5.1Structural steel columns. The fire-resistance ratings of steel columns  shall be based on the size of the element and the type of protection provided in accordance with this section.

    721.5.1.1General. These procedures establish a basis for determining the fire resistance of column assemblies as a function of the thickness of fire- resistant material and, the weight, W, and heated perimeter, D, of steel columns. As used in these sections, W is the average weight of a structural steel column in pounds per linear foot. The heated perimeter, D, is the inside perimeter of the fire-resistant material in inches as illustrated in Figure 721.5.1(1).

    FIGURE 721.5.1(1) DETERMINATION OF THE HEATED PERIMETER

    OF STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS

    721.5.1.1.1Nonload-bearing protection. The application of these procedures shall be limited to column assemblies in which the fire-  resistant material is not designed to carry any of the load acting on the column.

    721.5.1.1.2Embedments. In the absence of substantiating fire- endurance test results, ducts, conduit, piping, and similar mechanical, electrical, and plumbing installations shall not be embedded in any required fire-resistant materials.

    721.5.1.1.3Weight-to-perimeter ratio. Table 721.5.1(1) contains weight-to-heated-perimeter ratios (W/D) for both contour and box fire- resistant profiles, for the wide flange shapes most often used as  columns. For different fire-resistant protection profiles or  column  cross sections, the weight-to-heated-perimeter ratios (W/D) shall be determined in accordance with the definitions given in this section.

    721.5.1.2Gypsum wallboard protection. The fire resistance of structural steel columns with weight-to-heated-perimeter ratios (W/D) less than or  equal to 3.65 and which are protected with Type X gypsum wallboard shall be permitted to be determined from the following expression:

    h(W ¢ D )0.75

    R =   130    2

    where:

      (Equation 7-12)

    R =      Fire resistance (minutes).

    h =      Total thickness of gypsum wallboard (inches).

    D = Heated perimeter of the structural steel column (inches).

    W' = Total weight of the structural steel column and gypsum wallboard protection (pounds per linear foot).

    W' = W + 50hD/144.

    721.5.1.2.1Attachment. The gypsum wallboard shall be supported as  illustrated in either Figure 721.5.1(2) for fire-resistance ratings of 4

    hours or less, or Figure 721.5.1(3) for fire-resistance ratings of 3 hours or less.

    FIGURE 721.5.1(2)

    GYPSUM WALLBOARD PROTECTED STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS WITH SHEET STEEL COLUMN COVERS

    For SI:   1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 305 mm.

    1. Structural steel column, either wide flange or tubular shapes.

    2. Type X gypsum wallboard in accordance with ASTM C 36. For single-layer applications, the wallboard shall be applied vertically with no horizontal joints. For multiple-layer applications, horizontal joints are permitted at a minimum spacing of 8 feet, provided that the joints in successive layers are staggered at least 12 inches. The total required thickness of wallboard shall be determined on the basis of the specified fire-resistance rating and the weight-to-heated-perimeter ratio (W/D) of the column. For fire-resistance ratings of 2 hours or less, one of the required layers of gypsum wallboard may be applied to the exterior of the sheet steel column covers with 1-inch- long Type S screws spaced 1 inch from the wallboard edge and 8 inches on center. For such installations, 0.0149-inch minimum thickness galvanized steel corner beads with 1½-inch legs shall be attached to the wallboard with Type S screws spaced 12 inches on center.

    3. For fire-resistance ratings of 3 hours or less, the column covers shall be fabricated from 0.0239-inch minimum thickness galvanized or stainless steel. For 4-hourfire-resistance ratings, the column covers shall be fabricated from 0.0239-inch minimum thickness stainless steel. The column covers shall be erected with the Snap Lock or Pittsburgh joint details. For fire-resistance ratings of 2 hours or less, column covers fabricated from 0.0269-inch minimum thickness galvanized or stainless steel shall be permitted to be erected with lap joints. The lap joints shall be permitted to be located anywhere around the perimeter of the column cover. The lap joints shall be secured with ½-inch- long No. 8 sheet metal screws spaced 12 inches on center.

    The column covers shall be provided with a minimum expansion clearance of 1/8 inch per linear foot between the ends of the cover and any restraining construction.

    721.5.1.2.2Gypsum wallboard equivalent to concrete. The determination of the fire resistance of structural steel columns from Figure 721.5.1(4) is permitted for various thicknesses of gypsum wallboard as a function of the weight-to-heated-perimeter ratio (W/D) of the column. For structural steel columns with weight-to-heated- perimeter ratios (W/D) greater than 3.65, the thickness of gypsum wallboard required for specified fire-resistance ratings shall be the same as the thickness determined for a W14 × 233 wide flange shape.

    721.5.1.3Sprayed fire-resistant materials. The fire resistance of wide- flange structural steel columns protected with sprayed fire-resistant materials, as illustrated in Figure 721.5.1(5), shall be permitted to be determined from the following expression:

    R = [C1 (W / D) + C2] h                                  (Equation 7-13)

    where:

    R = Fire resistance (minutes).

    h = Thickness of sprayed fire-resistant material (inches).

    D = Heated perimeter of the structural steel column (inches).

    C1 and C2 = Material-dependent constants.

    W = Weight of structural steel columns (pounds per linear foot).

    The fire resistance of structural steel columns protected with intumescent or mastic fire-resistant coatings shall be determined on the  basis of fire-resistance tests in accordance with Section 703.2.

    FIGURE 721.5.1(3)

    GYPSUM WALLBOARD PROTECTED STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS WITH STEEL STUD/SCREW ATTACHMENT SYSTEM

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = -305 mm.

    1   Structural steel column, either wide flange or tubular shapes.

    2   15/8-inch deep studs fabricated from 0.0179-inch minimum thickness galvanized steel with 15/16 or 17/16-inch legs. The length of the steel studs shall be ½ inch less than the height of the assembly.

    3   Type X gypsum wallboard in accordance with ASTM C 36. For single-layer applications, the wallboard shall be applied vertically with no horizontal joints. For multiple-layer applications, horizontal joints are permitted at a minimum spacing of 8 feet, provided that the joints in successive layers are staggered at least 12 inches. The total required thickness of wallboard shall be determined on the basis of the specified fire-resistance rating and the weight-to-heated- perimeter ratio (W/D) of the column.

    4   Galvanized 0.0149-inch minimum thickness steel corner beads with 1½-inch legs attached to the wallboard with 1-inch-long Type S screws spaced 12 inches on center.

    5   No. 18 SWG steel tie wires spaced 24 inches on center.

    6   Sheet metal angles with 2-inch legs fabricated from 0.0221-inch minimum thickness galvanized steel.

    7   Type S screws, 1 inch long, shall be used for attaching the first layer of wallboard to the steel studs and the third layer to the sheet metal angles at 24 inches on center. Type S screws 1¾-inch long shall be used for attaching the second layer of wallboard to the steel studs and the fourth layer to the sheet metal angles at 12 inches on center. Type S screws inches long shall be used for attaching the third layer of wallboard to the steel studs at 12 inches on center.

    721.5.1.3.1Material-dependent constants. The material-dependent constants, C1 and C2, shall be determined for specific fire-resistant materials on the basis of standard fire endurance tests in accordance with Section 703.2. Unless evidence is submitted to the building official substantiating a broader application, this expression shall be limited to determining the fire resistance of structural steel columns

    with weight-to-heated-perimeter ratios (W/D) between the largest and smallest columns for which standard fire-resistance test results are available.

    For SI:   1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per linear foot/inch = 0.059 kg/m/mm.

    FIGURE 721.5.1(4)

    FIRE RESISTANCE OF STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS PROTECTED WITH VARIOUS THICKNESSES OF

    TYPE X GYPSUM WALLBOARD

    a.The W/D ratios for typical wide flange columns are listed in Table 721.5.1(1). For other column shapes, the W/D ratios shall be determined in accordance with Section 721.5.1.1.

    FIGURE 721.5.1(5)

    WIDE FLANGE STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS WITH SPRAYED FIRE-RESISTANT MATERIALS

    721.5.1.3.2Identification. Sprayed fire-resistant materials shall be identified by density and thickness required for a given fire-resistance rating.

    721.5.1.4Concrete-protected columns. The fire resistance of structural steel columns protected with concrete, as illustrated in Figure 721.5.1(6)  (a) and (b), shall be permitted to be determined from the following  expression:

    R = Ro (1 + 0.03m)                               (Equation 7-14)  where:

    c

     
    Ro =10(W/D)0.7 +17(h1.6/k 0.2

    )×[1+26{H/pccch (L+h)}

    0.8]

    As used in these expressions:

    R = Fire endurance at equilibrium moisture conditions (minutes). Ro = Fire endurance at zero moisture content (minutes).

    m = Equilibrium moisture content of the concrete by volume (percent).   W = Average weight of the steel column (pounds per linear foot).

    D = Heated perimeter of the steel column (inches).   h = Thickness of the concrete cover (inches).

    kc = Ambient temperature thermal conductivity of the concrete (Btu/hr ft

    °F).

    H = Ambient temperature thermal capacity of the steel column = 0.11W (Btu/ ft °F).

    pc = Concrete density (pounds per cubic foot).

    cc = Ambient temperature specific heat of concrete (Btu/lb °F).

    L = Interior dimension of one side of a square concrete box protection   (inches).

    721.5.1.4.1Reentrant space filled. For wide-flange steel columns  completely encased in concrete with all reentrant spaces filled [Figure 721.5.1(6)(c)], the thermal capacity of the concrete within the reentrant

    spaces shall be permitted to be added to the thermal capacity of the steel column, as follows:

    H = 0.11W + (pccc/144) (bfd - As)                          (Equation 7-15)  where:

    bf = Flange width of the steel column (inches).

    d = Depth of the steel column (inches).

    As = Cross-sectional area of the steel column (square inches).

    721.5.1.4.2Concrete properties unknown. If specific data on the properties of concrete are not available, the values given in Table 721.5.1(2) are permitted.

    721.5.1.4.3Minimum concrete cover. For structural steel column  encased in concrete with all reentrant spaces filled, Figure 721.5.1(6)(c) and Tables 721.5.1(7) and 721.5.1(8) indicate the thickness of concrete cover required for various fire-resistance ratings  for typical wide-flange sections. The thicknesses of concrete indicated in these tables also apply to structural steel columns larger than those listed.

    721.5.1.4.4Minimum precast concrete cover. For structural steel columns protected with precast concrete column covers as shown in Figure 721.5.1(6)(a), Tables 721.5.1(9) and 721.5.1(10) indicate the thickness of the column covers required for various fire-resistance ratings for typical wide-flange shapes. The thicknesses of concrete given in these tables also apply to structural steel columns larger than  those listed.

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    FIGURE 721.5.1(6)

    CONCRETE PROTECTED STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS

    a.When the inside perimeter of the concrete protection is not square, L shall be taken as the average of L1and L2. When the thickness of concrete cover is not constant, h shall be taken as the average of h1 and h2.

    b.Joints shall be protected with a minimum 1 inch thickness of ceramic fiber blanket but in no case less than one-half the thickness of the column cover (see Section 721.2.1.3).

    721.5.1.4.5Masonry protection. The fire resistance of structural steel columns protected with concrete masonry units or clay masonry units  as illustrated in Figure 721.5.1(7), shall be permitted to be determined from the following expression:

    e

     
    R = 0.17(W/D)0.7 + [0.285 (T 1.6

    /K0.2

    )] [1.0 + 42.7 {(As/dm Te)/(0.25p +

    Te)}0.8]                                                                    (Equation 7-16)

    where:

    R = Fire-resistance rating of column assembly (hours).

    W = Average weight of steel column (pounds per foot).

    D = Heated perimeter of steel column (inches) [see Figure 721.5.1(7)].

    Te  = Equivalent thickness of concrete or clay masonry unit (inches) (see Table 721.3.2 Note a or Section 721.4.1).

    K = Thermal conductivity of concrete or clay masonry unit (Btu/hr ft

    °F) [see Table 721.5.1(3)].

    As = Cross-sectional area of steel column (square inches).

    dm = Density of the concrete or clay masonry unit (pounds per cubic foot).

    p = Inner perimeter of concrete or clay masonry protection (inches) [see Figure 721.5.1(7)].

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    FIGURE 721.5.1(7)

    CONCRETE OR CLAY MASONRY PROTECTED STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS

    d = Depth of a wide flange column, outside diameter of pipe column, or outside  dimension of structural tubing column (inches).

    tweb = Thickness of web of wide flange column (inches).   w = Width of flange of wide flange column (inches).

    721.5.1.4.6Equivalent concrete masonry thickness. For structural steel columns protected with concrete masonry, Table 721.5.1(5) gives the equivalent thickness of concrete masonry required for various fire-  resistance ratings for typical column shapes. For structural steel columns protected with clay masonry, Table 721.5.1(6) gives the equivalent thickness of concrete masonry required for various fire-  resistance ratings for typical column shapes.

    721.5.2Structural steel beams and girders. The fire-resistance ratings of  steel beams and girders shall be based upon the size of the element and the type of protection provided in accordance with this section.

    721.5.2.1Determination of fire resistance. These procedures establish a  basis for determining resistance of structural steel beams and  girders  which differ in size from that specified in approved fire-resistance-rated assemblies as a function of the thickness of fire-resistant material and the

    weight (W) and heated perimeter (D) of the beam or girder. As used in these sections, W is the average weight of a structural steel member in  pounds per linear foot (plf). The heated perimeter, D, is the inside perimeter of the fire-resistant material in inches as illustrated in Figure  721.5.2.

    721.5.2.1.1Weight-to-heated perimeter. The weight-to-heated- perimeter ratios (W/D), for both contour and box fire-resistant protection profiles, for the wide flange shapes most often used as  beams or girders are given in Table 721.5.1(4). For different shapes,  the weight-to-heated-perimeter ratios (W/D) shall be determined in accordance with the definitions given in this section.

    FIGURE 721.5.2 DETERMINATION OF THE HEATED PERIMETER OF STRUCTURAL STEEL BEAMS AND GIRDERS

    721.5.2.1.2Beam and girder substitutions. Except as provided for in Section 721.5.2.2, structural steel beams in approved fire-resistance- rated assemblies shall be considered the minimum permissible size. Other beam or girder shapes shall be permitted to be substituted provided that the weight-to-heated-perimeter ratio (W/D) of the substitute beam is equal to or greater than that of the beam specified in the approved assembly.

    721.5.2.2Sprayed fire-resistant materials. The provisions in this section apply to structural steel beams and girders protected with sprayed fire-  resistant materials. Larger or smaller beam and girder shapes shall be permitted to be substituted for beams specified in approved unrestrained or  restrained fire-resistance-rated assemblies, provided that the thickness of  the fire-resistant material is adjusted in accordance with the following  expression:

    H2 = h1[(W1 / D1) + 0.60]/[( W2 / D2) + 0.60]           (Equation 7-17)

    where:

    h = Thickness of sprayed fire-resistant material in inches.

    W = Weight of the structural steel beam or girder in pounds per linear foot.

    D = Heated perimeter of the structural steel beam in inches.

    Subscript 1 refers to the beam and fire-resistant material thickness in the   approved assembly.

    Subscript 2 refers to the substitute beam or girder and the required   thickness of fire-resistant material.

    The fire resistance of structural steel beams and girders protected with   intumescent or mastic fire-resistant coatings shall be determined on the  basis of fire-resistance tests in accordance with Section 703.2.

    TABLE 721.5.1(1)

    W/D RATIOS FOR STEEL COLUMNS

    STRUCTURAL  SHAPE

    CONTOUR  PROFILE

     

    BOX PROFILE

    STRUCTURAL

    SHAPE

    CONTOUR  PROFILE

     

    BOX PROFILE

    W14 x 233

    2.49

    3.65

    W10 x 112

    1.78

    2.57

    x 211

    2.28

    3.35

    x 100

    1.61

    2.33

    x 193

    2.10

    3.09

    x 88

    1.43

    2.08

    x 176

    1.93

    2.85

    x 77

    1.26

    1.85

    x 159

    1.75

    2.60

    x 68

    1.13

    1.66

    x 145

    1.61

    2.39

    x 60

    1.00

    1.48

    x 132

    1.52

    2.25

    x 54

    0.91

    1.34

    x 120

    1.39

    2.06

    x 49

    0.83

    1.23

    x 109

    1.27

    1.88

    x 45

    0.87

    1.24

    x 99

    1.16

    1.72

    x 39

    0.76

    1.09

    x 90

    1.06

    1.58

    x 33

    0.65

    0.93

    x 82

    1.20

    1.68

     

    x 74

    1.09

    1.53

    W8 x 67

    1.34

    1.94

    x 68

    1.01

    1.41

    x 58

    1.18

    1.71

    x 61

    0.91

    1.28

    x 48

    0.99S

    1.44

    x 53

    0.89

    1.21

    x 40

    0.83

    1.23

    x 48

    0.81

    1.10

    x 35

    0.73

    1.08

    x 43

    0.73

    0.99

    x 31

    0.65

    0.97

     

    x 28

    0.67

    0.96

    W12 x 190

    2.46

    3.51

    x 24

    0.58

    0.83

    x 170

    2.22

    3.20

    x 21

    0.57

    0.77

    x 152

    2.01

    2.90

    x 18

    0.49

    0.67

    x 136

    1.82

    2.63

     

    x 120

    1.62

    2.36

    W6 x 25

    0.69

    1.00

    x 106

    1.44

    2.11

    x 20

    0.56

    0.82

    x 96

    1.32

    1.93

    x 16

    0.57

    0.78

    x 87

    1.20

    1.76

    x 15

    0.42

    0.63

    x 79

    1.10

    1.61

    x 12

    0.43

    0.60

    x 72

    1.00

    1.48

    x 9

    0.33

    0.46

    x 65

    0.91

    1.35

     

    x 58

    0.91

    1.31

    W5 x 19

    0.64

    0.93

    x 53

    0.84

    1.20

    x 16

    0.54

    0.80

    x 50

    0.89

    1.23

     

    x 45

    0.81

    1.12

    W4 x 13

    0.54

    0.79

    x 40

    0.72

    1.00

     

    For SI: 1 pound per linear foot per inch = 0.059 kg/m/mm.

    TABLE 721.5.1(2) PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

    PROPERTY

    NORMAL-WEIGHT CONCRETE

    STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE

    Thermal conductivity (kc)

    0.95 Btu/hr ft ºF

    0.35 Btu/hr ft ºF

    Specific heat (cc)

    0.20 Btu/lb ºF

    0.20 Btu/lb ºF

    Density (Pc)

    145 lb/ft3

    110 lb/ft3

    Equilibrium (free) moisture content   (m) by volume

    4%

    5%

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 lb/ft3 = 16.0185 kg/m3, Btu/hr ft ºF = 1.731 W/(m  K).

    TABLE 721.5.1(3)

    THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF CONCRETE OR CLAY MASONRY UNITS

    DENSITY (dm) OF UNITS (lb/ft3)

    THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (K) OF UNITS (Btu/hr    ft  °F)

    Concrete Masonry Units

    80

    0.207

    85

    0.228

    90

    0.252

    95

    0.278

    100

    0.308

    105

    0.340

    110

    0.376

    115

    0.416

    120

    0.459

    125

    0.508

    130

    0.561

    135

    0.620

    140

    0.685

    145

    0.758

    150

    0.837

    Clay Masonry Units

    120

    1.25

    130

    2.25

    For SI: 1 pound per cubic foot = 16.0185 kg/m3, Btu per hour  foot  °F = 1.731 W/(m  K).

    TABLE 721.5.1(4)

    STRUCTURAL SHAPE

    CONTOUR PROFILE

    BOX PROFILE

    STRUCTURAL SHAPE

    CONTOUR PROFILE

    BOX PROFILE

    W36 x 300

    2.47

    3.33

    x 68

    0.92

    1.21

    x 280

    2.31

    3.12

    x 62

    0.92

    1.14

    x 260

    2.16

    2.92

    x 55

    0.82

    1.02

    x 245

    2.04

    2.76

     

     

     

    x 230

    1.92

    2.61

    W21 x 147

    1.83

    2.60

    x 210

    1.94

    2.45

    x 132

    1.66

    2.35

    x 194

    1.80

    2.28

    x 122

    1.54

    2.19

    x 182

    1.69

    2.15

    x 111

    1.41

    2.01

    x 170

    1.59

    2.01

    x 101

    1.29

    1.84

    x 160

    1.50

    1.90

    x 93

    1.38

    1.80

    x 150

    1.41

    1.79

    x 83

    1.24

    1.62

     

     
    WEIGHT-TO-HEATED-PERIMETER RATIOS (W/D) FOR TYPICAL WIDE FLANGE BEAM AND GIRDER SHAPES

    x 135

    1.28

    1.63

    x 73

    1.10

    1.44

     

    x 68

    1.03

    1.35

    W33 x 241

    2.11

    2.86

    x 62

    0.94

    1.23

    x 221

    1.94

    2.64

    x 57

    0.93

    1.17

    x 201

    1.78

    2.42

    x 50

    0.83

    1.04

    x 152

    1.51

    1.94

    x 44

    0.73

    0.92

    x 141

    1.41

    1.80

     

    x 130

    1.31

    1.67

    W18 x 119

    1.69

    2.42

    x 118

    1.19

    1.53

    x 106

    1.52

    2.18

     

    x 97

    1.39

    2.01

    W30 x 211

    2.00

    2.74

    x 86

    1.24

    1.80

    x 191

    1.82

    2.50

    x 76

    1.11

    1.60

    x 173

    1.66

    2.28

    x 71

    1.21

    1.59

    x 132

    1.45

    1.85

    x 65

    1.11

    1.47

    x 124

    1.37

    1.75

    x 60

    1.03

    1.36

    x 116

    1.28

    1.65

    x 55

    0.95

    1.26

    x 108

    1.20

    1.54

    x 50

    0.87

    1.15

    x 99

    1.10

    1.42

    x 46

    0.86

    1.09

     

    x 40

    0.75

    0.96

    W27 x 178

    1.85

    2.55

    x 35

    0.66

    0.85

    x 161

    1.68

    2.33

     

    x 146

    1.53

    2.12

    W16 x 100

    1.56

    2.25

    x 114

    1.36

    1.76

    x 89

    1.40

    2.03

    x 102

    1.23

    1.59

    x 77

    1.22

    1.78

    x 94

    1.13

    1.47

    x 67

    1.07

    1.56

    x 84

    1.02

    1.33

    x 57

    1.07

    1.43

     

    x 50

    0.94

    1.26

     

    x 45

    0.85

    1.15

    W24 x 162

    1.85

    2.57

    x 40

    0.76

    1.03

    x 146

    1.68

    2.34

    x 36

    0.69

    0.93

    x 131

    1.52

    2.12

    x 31

    0.65

    0.83

    x 117

    1.36

    1.91

    x 26

    0.55

    0.70

    x 104

    1.22

    1.71

     

    x 94

    1.26

    1.63

    W14 x 132

    1.83

    3.00

    x 84

    1.13

    1.47

    x 120

    1.67

    2.75

    x 76

    1.03

    1.34

    x 109

    1.53

    2.52

    x 99

    1.39

    2.31

    x 30

    0.79

    1.12

    x 90

    1.27

    2.11

    x 26

    0.69

    0.98

    x 82

    1.41

    2.12

    x 22

    0.59

    0.84

    x 74

    1.28

    1.93

    x 19

    0.59

    0.78

    x 68

    1.19

    1.78

    x 17

    0.54

    0.70

    x 61

    1.07

    1.61

    x 15

    0.48

    0.63

    x 53

    1.03

    1.48

    x 12

    0.38

    0.51

    x 48

    0.94

    1.35

     

    x 43

    0.85

    1.22

    W8 x 67

    1.61

    2.55

    x 38

    0.79

    1.09

    x 58

    1.41

    2.26

    x 34

    0.71

    0.98

    x 48

    1.18

    1.91

    x 30

    0.63

    0.87

    x 40

    1.00

    1.63

    x 26

    0.61

    0.79

    x 35

    0.88

    1.44

    x 22

    0.52

    0.68

    x 31

    0.79

    1.29

     

    x 28

    0.80

    1.24

    W12 x 87

    1.44

    2.34

    x 24

    0.69

    1.07

    x 79

    1.32

    2.14

    x 21

    0.66

    0.96

    x 72

    1.20

    1.97

    x 18

    0.57

    0.84

    x 65

    1.09

    1.79

    x 15

    0.54

    0.74

    x 58

    1.08

    1.69

    x 13

    0.47

    0.65

    x 53

    0.99

    1.55

    x 10

    0.37

    0.51

    x 50

    1.04

    1.54

     

    x 45

    0.95

    1.40

    W6 x 25

    0.82

    1.33

    x 40

    0.85

    1.25

    x 20

    0.67

    1.09

    x 35

    0.79

    1.11

    x 16

    0.66

    0.96

    x 30

    0.69

    0.96

    x 15

    0.51

    0.83

    x 26

    0.60

    0.84

    x 12

    0.51

    0.75

    x 22

    0.61

    0.77

    x 9

    0.39

    0.57

    x 19

    0.53

    0.67

     

    x 16

    0.45

    0.57

    W5 x 19

    0.76

    1.24

    x 14

    0.40

    0.50

    x 16

    0.65

    1.07

     

     

    W10 x 112

    2.14

    3.38

    W4 x 13

    0.65

    1.05

    x 100

    1.93

    3.07

     

    x 88

    1.70

    2.75

    77

    1.52

    2.45

    68

    1.35

    2.20

    60

    1.20

    1.97

    54

    1.09

    1.79

    49

    0.99

    1.64

    45

    1.03

    1.59

    39

    0.94

    1.40

    33

    0.77

    1.20

    For SI: Pounds per linear foot per inch = 0.059 kg/m/mm

    .

    TABLE 721.5.1(5)

     

     

    COLUMN

     

    CONCRETE MASONRY DENSITY POUNDS PER

    MINIMUM REQUIRED EQUIVALENT THICKNESS FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING OF CONCRETE MASONRY PROTECTION

    ASSEMBLY, Te (inches)

     

     

    COLUMN SIZE

    CONCRETE MASONRY DENSITY POUNDS PER CUBIC FOOT

    MINIMUM REQUIRED  EQUIVALENT THICKNESS  FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE  RATING OF CONCRETE  MASONRY PROTECTION

    ASSEMBLY, Te (inches)

    SIZE

    CUBIC FOOT

    1-hour

    2-hour

    3-hour

    4-hour

    1-hour

    2-hour

    3-hour

    4-hour

     

     

    W14 x 82

    80

    0.74

    1.61

    2.36

    3.04

     

     

    W10 x 68

    80

    0.72

    1.58

    2.33

    3.01

    100

    0.89

    1.85

    2.67

    3.40

    100

    0.87

    1.83

    2.65

    3.38

    110

    0.96

    1.97

    2.81

    3.57

    110

    0.94

    1.95

    2.79

    3.55

    120

    1.03

    2.08

    2.95

    3.73

    120

    1.01

    2.06

    2.94

    3.72

     

     

    W14 x 68

    80

    0.83

    1.70

    2.45

    3.13

     

     

    W10 x 54

    80

    0.88

    1.76

    2.53

    3.21

    100

    0.99

    1.95

    2.76

    3.49

    100

    1.04

    2.01

    2.83

    3.57

    110

    1.06

    2.06

    2.91

    3.66

    110

    1.11

    2.12

    2.98

    3.73

    120

    1.14

    2.18

    3.05

    3.82

    120

    1.19

    2.24

    3.12

    3.90

     

     

    W14 x 53

    80

    0.91

    1.81

    2.58

    3.27

     

     

    W10 x 45

    80

    0.92

    1.83

    2.60

    3.30

    100

    1.07

    2.05

    2.88

    3.62

    100

    1.08

    2.07

    2.90

    3.64

    110

    1.15

    2.17

    3.02

    3.78

    110

    1.16

    2.18

    3.04

    3.80

    120

    1.22

    2.28

    3.16

    3.94

    120

    1.23

    2.29

    3.18

    3.96

     

     

    W14 x 43

    80

    1.01

    1.93

    2.71

    3.41

     

     

    W10 x 33

    80

    1.06

    2.00

    2.79

    3.49

    100

    1.17

    2.17

    3.00

    3.74

    100

    1.22

    2.23

    3.07

    3.81

    110

    1.25

    2.28

    3.14

    3.90

    110

    1.30

    2.34

    3.20

    3.96

    120

    1.32

    2.38

    3.27

    4.05

    120

    1.37

    2.44

    3.33

    4.12

     

     

    W12 x 72

    80

    0.81

    1.66

    2.41

    3.09

     

     

    W8 x 40

    80

    0.94

    1.85

    2.63

    3.33

    100

    0.91

    1.88

    2.70

    3.43

    100

    1.10

    2.10

    2.93

    3.67

    110

    0.99

    1.99

    2.84

    3.60

    110

    1.18

    2.21

    3.07

    3.83

    120

    1.06

    2.10

    2.98

    3.76

    120

    1.25

    2.32

    3.20

    3.99

     

     

    W12 x 58

    80

    0.88

    1.76

    2.52

    3.21

     

     

    W8 x 31

    80

    1.06

    2.00

    2.78

    3.49

    100

    1.04

    2.01

    2.83

    3.56

    100

    1.22

    2.23

    3.07

    3.81

    110

    1.11

    2.12

    2.97

    3.73

    110

    1.29

    2.33

    3.20

    3.97

    120

    1.19

    2.23

    3.11

    3.89

    120

    1.36

    2.44

    3.33

    4.12

     

     

    W12 x 50

    80

    0.91

    1.81

    2.58

    3.27

     

     

    W8 x 24

    80

    1.14

    2.09

    2.89

    3.59

    100

    1.07

    2.05

    2.88

    3.62

    100

    1.29

    2.31

    3.16

    3.90

    110

    1.15

    2.17

    3.02

    3.78

    110

    1.36

    2.42

    3.28

    4.05

    120

    1.22

    2.28

    3.16

    3.94

    120

    1.43

    2.52

    3.41

    4.20

    W12 x 40

    80

    1.01

    1.94

    2.72

    3.41

    W8 x 18

    80

    1.22

    2.20

    3.01

    3.72

    100

    1.17

    2.17

    3.01

    3.75

    100

    1.36

    2.40

    3.25

    4.01

     

     
    FIRE RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE MASONRY PROTECTED STEEL COLUMNS

                       

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

     

    110

    1.25

    2.28

    3.14

    3.90

     

    110

    1.42

    2.50

    3.37

    4.14

    120

    1.32

    2.39

    3.27

    4.06

    120

    1.48

    2.59

    3.49

    4.28

     

    4 x 4 x ½

    80

    0.93

    1.90

    2.71

    3.43

     

    4 double

    80

    0.80

    1.75

    2.56

    3.28

    100

    1.08

    2.13

    2.99

    3.76

    100

    0.95

    1.99

    2.85

    3.62

    extra strong

    wall

    110

    1.16

    2.24

    3.13

    3.91

    0.674 wall

    110

    1.02

    2.10

    2.99

    3.78

    thickness

    thickness

    120

    1.22

    2.34

    3.26

    4.06

    120

    1.09

    2.20

    3.12

    3.93

     

    4 x 4 x 3/8 wall thickness

    80

    1.05

    2.03

    2.84

    3.57

     

    4 extra  strong

    0.337 wall thickness

    80

    1.12

    2.11

    2.93

    3.65

    100

    1.20

    2.25

    3.11

    3.88

    100

    1.26

    2.32

    3.19

    3.95

    110

    1.27

    2.35

    3.24

    4.02

    110

    1.33

    2.42

    3.31

    4.09

    120

    1.34

    2.45

    3.37

    4.17

    120

    1.40

    2.52

    3.43

    4.23

     

    4 x 4 x ¼ wall  thickness

    80

    1.21

    2.20

    3.01

    3.73

     

    4 standard 0.237 wall  thickness

    80

    1.26

    2.25

    3.07

    3.79

    100

    1.35

    2.40

    3.26

    4.02

    100

    1.40

    2.45

    3.31

    4.07

    110

    1.41

    2.50

    3.38

    4.16

    110

    1.46

    2.55

    3.43

    4.21

    120

    1.48

    2.59

    3.50

    4.30

    120

    1.53

    2.64

    3.54

    4.34

     

    6 x 6 x ½

    80

    0.82

    1.75

    2.54

    3.25

     

    5 double

    80

    0.70

    1.61

    2.40

    3.12

    100

    0.98

    1.99

    2.84

    3.59

    100

    0.85

    1.86

    2.71

    3.47

    extra strong

    wall

    110

    1.05

    2.10

    2.98

    3.75

    0.750 wall

    110

    0.91

    1.97

    2.85

    3.63

    thickness

    thickness

    120

    1.12

    2.21

    3.11

    3.91

    120

    0.98

    2.02

    2.99

    3.79

     

    6 x 6 x 3/8 wall thickness

    80

    0.96

    1.91

    2.71

    3.42

     

    5 extra  strong

    0.375 wall thickness

    80

    1.04

    2.01

    2.83

    3.54

    100

    1.12

    2.14

    3.00

    3.75

    100

    1.19

    2.23

    3.09

    3.85

    110

    1.19

    2.25

    3.13

    3.90

    110

    1.26

    2.34

    3.22

    4.00

    120

    1.26

    2.35

    3.26

    4.05

    120

    1.32

    2.44

    3.34

    4.14

     

    6 x 6 x ¼ wall  thickness

    80

    1.14

    2.11

    2.92

    3.63

     

    5 standard 0.258 wall  thickness

    80

    1.20

    2.19

    3.00

    3.72

    100

    1.29

    2.32

    3.18

    3.93

    100

    1.34

    2.39

    3.25

    4.00

    110

    1.36

    2.43

    3.30

    4.08

    110

    1.41

    2.49

    3.37

    4.14

    120

    1.42

    2.52

    3.43

    4.22

    120

    1.47

    2.58

    3.49

    4.28

     

    8 x 8 x ½

    80

    0.77

    1.66

    2.44

    3.13

     

    6 double

    80

    0.59

    1.46

    2.23

    2.92

    100

    0.92

    1.91

    2.75

    3.49

    100

    0.73

    1.71

    2.54

    3.29

    extra strong

    wall

    110

    1.00

    2.02

    2.89

    3.66

    0.864 wall

    110

    0.80

    1.82

    2.69

    3.47

    thickness

    thickness

    120

    1.07

    2.14

    3.03

    3.82

    120

    0.86

    1.93

    2.83

    3.63

     

    8 x 8 x 3/8 wall thickness

    80

    0.91

    1.84

    2.63

    3.33

     

    6 extra  strong

    0.432 wall thickness

    80

    0.94

    1.90

    2.70

    3.42

    100

    1.07

    2.08

    2.92

    3.67

    100

    1.10

    2.13

    2.98

    3.74

    110

    1.14

    2.19

    3.06

    3.83

    110

    1.17

    2.23

    3.11

    3.89

    120

    1.21

    2.29

    3.19

    3.98

    120

    1.24

    2.34

    3.24

    4.04

    8 x 8 x ¼ wall  thickness

    80

    1.10

    2.06

    2.86

    3.57

    6 standard 0.280 wall  thickness

    80

    1.14

    2.12

    2.93

    3.64

    100

    1.25

    2.28

    3.13

    3.87

    100

    1.29

    2.33

    3.19

    3.94

    110

    1.32

    2.38

    3.25

    4.02

    110

    1.36

    2.43

    3.31

    4.08

     

    120

    1.39

    2.48

    3.38

    4.17

     

    120

    1.42

    2.53

    3.43

    4.22

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per cubic feet = 16.02 kg/m3.

    Note: Tabulated values assume 1-inch air gap between masonry and steel section.

    TABLE 721.5.1(6)

     

     

     

     

    COLUMN SIZE

     

    CLAY MASONRY DENSITY, POUNDS PER

    MINIMUM REQUIRED EQUIVALENT THICKNESS FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING OF CLAY MASONRY PROTECTION

    ASSEMBLY, Te (inches)

     

     

     

     

    COLUMN SIZE

     

    CLAY MASONRY DENSITY, POUNDS PER

    MINIMUM REQUIRED  EQUIVALENT THICKNESS FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING OF CLAY MASONRY PROTECTION

    ASSEMBLY, Te (inches)

    CUBIC FOOT

    1-hour

    2-hour

    3-hour

    4-hour

    CUBIC FOOT

    1-hour

    2-hour

    3-hour

    4-hour

     

    W14 x 82

    120

    1.23

    2.42

    3.41

    4.29

     

    W10 x 68

    120

    1.27

    2.46

    3.26

    4.35

    130

    1.40

    2.70

    3.78

    4.74

    130

    1.44

    2.75

    3.83

    4.80

     

    W14 x 68

    120

    1.34

    2.54

    3.54

    4.43

     

    W10 x 54

    120

    1.40

    2.61

    3.62

    4.51

    130

    1.51

    2.82

    3.91

    4.87

    130

    1.58

    2.89

    3.98

    4.95

     

    W14 x 53

    120

    1.43

    2.65

    3.65

    4.54

     

    W10 x 45

    120

    1.44

    2.66

    3.67

    4.57

    130

    1.61

    2.93

    4.02

    4.98

    130

    1.62

    2.95

    4.04

    5.01

     

    W14 x 43

    120

    1.54

    2.76

    3.77

    4.66

     

    W10 x 33

    120

    1.59

    2.82

    3.84

    4.73

    130

    1.72

    3.04

    4.13

    5.09

    130

    1.77

    3.10

    4.20

    5.13

     

    W12 x 72

    120

    1.32

    2.52

    3.51

    4.40

     

    W8 x 40

    120

    1.47

    2.70

    3.71

    4.61

    130

    1.50

    2.80

    3.88

    4.84

    130

    1.65

    2.98

    4.08

    5.04

     

    W12 x 58

    120

    1.40

    2.61

    3.61

    4.50

     

    W8 x 31

    120

    1.59

    2.82

    3.84

    4.73

    130

    1.57

    2.89

    3.98

    4.94

    130

    1.77

    3.10

    4.20

    5.17

     

    W12 x 50

    120

    1.43

    2.65

    3.66

    4.55

     

    W8 x 24

    120

    1.66

    2.90

    3.92

    4.82

    130

    1.61

    2.93

    4.02

    4.99

    130

    1.84

    3.18

    4.28

    5.25

     

    W12 x 40

    120

    1.54

    2.77

    3.78

    4.67

     

    W8 x 18

    120

    1.75

    3.00

    4.01

    4.91

    130

    1.72

    3.05

    4.14

    5.10

    130

    1.93

    3.27

    4.37

    5.34

     

    STEEL TUBING

     

    STEEL PIPE

     

     

    NOMINAL TUBE  SIZE

    (inches)

    CLAY  MASONRY  DENSITY,  POUNDS  PER CUBIC FOOT

    MINIMUM REQUIRED  EQUIVALENT THICKNESS FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING OF  CLAY MASONRY PROTECTION

    ASSEMBLY, Te (inches)

     

     

     

    NOMINAL  PIPE SIZE

    (inches)

    CLAY  MASONRY  DENSITY,  POUNDS  PER CUBIC FOOT

    MINIMUM REQUIRED  EQUIVALENT THICKNESS FOR FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING OF CLAY MASONRY PROTECTION

    ASSEMBLY, Te (inches)

    1-hour

    2-hour

    3-hour

    4-hour

    1-hour

    2-hour

    3-hour

    4-hour

    4 x 4 x ½  wall thickness

    120

    1.44

    2.72

    3.76

    4.68

    4 double extra strong 0.674 wall thickness

    120

    1.26

    2.55

    3.60

    4.52

    130

    1.62

    3.00

    4.12

    5.11

    130

    1.42

    2.82

    3.96

    4.95

    4 x 4 x 3/8 wall thickness

    120

    1.56

    2.84

    3.88

    4.78

    4 extra  strong

    0.337 wall thickness

    120

    1.60

    2.89

    3.92

    4.83

    130

    1.74

    3.12

    4.23

    5.21

    130

    1.77

    3.16

    4.28

    5.25

    4 x 4 x ¼

    120

    1.72

    2.99

    4.02

    4.92

    4 standard

    120

    1.74

    3.02

    4.05

    4.95

     

     
    FIRE RESISTANCE OF CLAY MASONRY PROTECTED STEEL COLUMNS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

    wall  thickness

    130

    1.89

    3.26

    4.37

    5.34

    0.237 wall  thickness

    130

    1.92

    3.29

    4.40

    5.37

    6 x 6 x ½  wall thickness

    120

    1.33

    2.58

    3.62

    4.52

    5 double

    extra strong 0.750 wall thickness

    120

    1.17

    2.44

    3.48

    4.40

    130

    1.50

    2.86

    3.98

    4.96

    130

    1.33

    2.72

    3.84

    4.83

    6 x 6 x 3/8 wall thickness

    120

    1.48

    2.74

    3.76

    4.67

    5 extra  strong

    0.375 wall thickness

    120

    1.55

    2.82

    3.85

    4.76

    130

    1.65

    3.01

    4.13

    5.10

    130

    1.72

    3.09

    4.21

    5.18

    6 x 6 x ¼ wall  thickness

    120

    1.66

    2.91

    3.94

    4.84

    5 standard  0.258 wall  thickness

    120

    1.71

    2.97

    4.00

    4.90

    130

    1.83

    3.19

    4.30

    5.27

    130

    1.88

    3.24

    4.35

    5.32

    8 x 8 x ½  wall thickness

    120

    1.27

    2.50

    3.52

    4.42

    6 double

    extra strong 0.864 wall thickness

    120

    1.04

    2.28

    3.32

    4.23

    130

    1.44

    2.78

    3.89

    4.86

    130

    1.19

    2.60

    3.68

    4.67

    8 x 8 x 3/8 wall thickness

    120

    1.43

    2.67

    3.69

    4.59

    6 extra  strong

    0.432 wall thickness

    120

    1.45

    2.71

    3.75

    4.65

    130

    1.60

    2.95

    4.05

    5.02

    130

    1.62

    2.99

    4.10

    5.08

    8 x 8 x ¼ wall  thickness

    120

    1.62

    2.87

    3.89

    4.78

    6 standard  0.280 wall  thickness

    120

    1.65

    2.91

    3.94

    4.84

    130

    1.79

    3.14

    4.24

    5.21

    130

    1.82

    3.19

    4.30

    5.27

    TABLE 721.5.1(7)

    MINIMUM COVER (inch) FOR STEEL COLUMNS ENCASED IN NORMAL-WEIGHT CONCRETEa [FIGURE 721.5.1(6)(c)]

    STRUCTURAL SHAPE

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

    1

    1 ½

    2

    3

    4

    W14 x 233

     

     

     

     

     

    1

     

     

     

    1

     

    1

     

    1 ½

    2

    x 176

     

    2 ½

    x 132

     

    2

    x 90

     

     

    1 ½

    x 61

     

    3

    x 48

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

    2 ½

    x 43

    W12 x 152

     

     

    1

     

     

    1

    1

     

    2

    2 ½

    x 96

    x 65

     

    1 ½

     

    1 ½

     

    3

    x 50

     

     

    2 ½

    x 40

    W10 x 88

    1

     

     

    2

    3

    x 49

     

    1                   1 ½

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

     

    2 ½

     

    x 45

    x 39

    3 ½

    x 33

    2

    W8 x 67

    1

     

     

    1                   1 ½

     

    1 ½

     

     

     

    2 ½

    3

    x 58

    x 48

     

    3 ½

    x 31

     

    2

     

     

     

    3

    x 21

    x 18

    4

    W6 x 25

     

     

     

    1

    1 ½

    2

     

     

    3

     

     

     

     

    3 ½

    3 ½

    x 20

     

     

    2

     

     

     

     

     

    2 ½

     

     

    4

    x 16

    x 15

     

     

    1 ½

    x 9

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    a. The  tabulated  thicknesses  are  based  upon  the  assumed  properties  of  normal-weight concrete given in Table 721.5.1(2).

    TABLE 721.5.1(8)

    MINIMUM COVER (inch) FOR STEEL COLUMNS ENCASED IN STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETEa [FIGURE 721.5.1(6)(c)]

    STRUCTURAL SHAPE

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (HOURS)

    1

    1 ½

    2

    3

    4

    W14 x 233

     

     

     

     

    1

     

     

     

     

    1

     

     

     

    1

    1

     

    1 ½

    x 193

     

    1 ½

    x 74

    2

    x 61

     

     

    2 ½

    x 43

    1 ½

    2

    W12 x 65

     

    1

     

    1

     

     

    1

    1 ½

    2

    x 53

     

     

    2

     

     

    2 ½

    x 40

    1 ½

    W10 x 112

     

     

    1

     

     

     

    1

     

     

    1

     

     

    1 ½

    2

    x 88

    x 60

     

     

    2

     

    2 ½

    x 33

    1 ½

    W8 x 35

     

     

    1

     

     

    1

     

     

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

    2

    2 ½

    x 28

     

    3

    x 24

     

     

    2 ½

    x 18

    1 ½

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    a. The tabulated thicknesses are based upon the assumed properties of structural lightweight concrete given in Table 721.5.1(2).

    TABLE 721.5.1(9)

    MINIMUM COVER (inch) FOR STEEL COLUMNS IN NORMAL-WEIGHT PRECAST COVERSa [FIGURE 721.5.1(6)(a)]

    STRUCTURAL SHAPE

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

    1

    1 1/2

    2

    3

    4

    W14 x 233

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

     

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

    2 ½

    3

    x 211

     

     

    3 ½

    x 176

     

     

    2

    x 145

     

     

    3

    x 109

     

     

     

     

     

    2

     

     

     

     

     

    2 ½

    x 99

     

     

    4

    x 61

     

     

    3 ½

    x 43

    4 ½

    W12 x 190

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

     

    1 ½

    1 ½

     

    2 ½

     

    3 ½

    x 152

     

     

    2

    x 120

     

     

    3

     

     

     

    4

    x 96

    x 87

     

     

     

    2

     

     

     

    2 ½

     

     

     

    3 ½

    x 58

     

     

    4 ½

    x 40

    W10 x 112

     

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

    2

     

     

     

    3

    3 ½

    x 88

     

     

    4

    x 77

     

     

    2

     

     

    2 ½

    x 54

    3 ½

    x 33

    4 ½

    W8 x 67

     

     

     

    1 ½

    1 ½

    2

    3

     

     

    4

    x 58

    2

    2 ½

     

     

    3 ½

    x 48

    x 28

     

     

     

     

     

     

    4 ½

    x 21

     

     

    2 ½

     

     

    3

    x 18

    4

    W6 x 25

     

     

    1 ½

    2

    2 ½

    3 ½

     

     

    4 ½

    x 20

     

     

     

     

    2 ½

     

     

    3

    x 16

     

     

    4

    x 12

    2

    x 9

    5

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    a. The tabulated thicknesses are based upon the assumed properties of normal-weight concrete given in Table 721.5.1(2).

    TABLE 721.5.1(10)

    MINIMUM COVER (inch) FOR STEEL COLUMNS

    IN STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT PRECAST COVERSa [FIGURE 721.5.1(6)(a)]

    STRUCTURAL SHAPE

    FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING (hours)

    1

    1 ½

    2

    3

    4

    W14 x 233

     

     

     

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

     

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

     

    2 ½

     

     

    2

    2 ½

    x 176

     

     

     

    3

    x 145

     

     

     

     

     

    2 ½

    x 132

    x 109

    x 99

     

     

    2

    x 68

     

     

    3 ½

    x 43

    3

    W12 x 190

     

     

     

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

     

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

    2

    2 ½

    x 152

    x 136

     

    3

    x 106

     

     

    2 ½

    x 96

     

     

     

     

     

    3 ½

    x 87

    x 65

    2

    x 40

    3

    W10 x 112

     

     

     

     

    1 ½

    2

     

     

    3

    x 100

     

    x 88

    x 77

    1 ½

    1 ½

     

     

    2

    2 ½

     

     

    3 ½

    x 60

    x 39

    3

    x 33

    2

    W8 x 67

     

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

    1 ½

    1 ½

    2 ½

    3

    x 48

     

     

    2

     

     

     

     

    3

     

     

    3 ½

    x 35

    x 28

     

     

    2

    x 18

    2 ½

    4

    W6 x 25

     

     

    1 ½

     

     

    2

    2

    3

    3 ½

    x 15

     

     

    2 ½

     

    4

    x 9

    3 ½

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    a. The tabulated thicknesses are based upon the assumed properties of structural lightweight concrete given in Table 721.5.1(2).

    721.5.2.2.1Minimum thickness. The use of Equation 7-17 is subject to the following conditions:

    1.The weight-to-heated-perimeter ratio for the substitute beam or  girder (W2/D2) shall not be less than 0.37.

    2.The thickness of fire protection materials calculated for the substitute beam or girder (T1) shall not be less than 3/8 inch  (9.5 mm).

    3.The unrestrained or restrained beam rating shall not be less  than 1 hour.

    4.When used to adjust the material thickness for a restrained beam, the use of this procedure is limited to steel sections classified as compact in accordance with the AISC  Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, (AISC 360-05).

    721.5.2.3 Structural steel trusses. The fire resistance of structural steel  trusses protected with fire-resistant materials sprayed to each of the individual truss elements shall be permitted to be determined in accordance with this section. The thickness of the fire-resistant material shall be determined in accordance with Section 721.5.1.3. The weight-to- heated-perimeter ratio (W/D) of truss elements that can be simultaneously

    exposed to fire on all sides shall be determined on the same basis as  columns, as specified in Section 721.5.1.1. The  weight-to-heated- perimeter ratio (W/D) of truss elements that directly support floor or roof  assembly shall be determined on the same basis as beams and girders, as  specified in Section 721.5.2.1.

    The fire resistance of structural steel trusses protected with intumescent or mastic fire-resistant coatings shall be determined on the  basis of fire-resistance tests in accordance with Section 703.2.

    721.6Wood assemblies. The provisions of this section contain procedures by  which the fire-resistance ratings of wood assemblies are established by  calculations.

    721.6.1General. This section contains procedures for calculating the fire- resistance ratings of walls, floor/ceiling and roof/ceiling assemblies based in part on the standard method of testing referenced in Section 703.2.

    721.6.1.1Maximum fire-resistance rating. Fire resistance ratings calculated for assemblies using the methods in Section 721.6 shall be limited to a maximum of 1 hour.

    721.6.1.2Dissimilar membranes. Where dissimilar membranes are used on a wall assembly, the calculation shall be made from the least fire- resistant (weaker) side.

    721.6.2Walls, floors and roofs. These procedures apply to both load-bearing and nonload-bearing assemblies.

    721.6.2.1Fire-resistance rating of wood frame assemblies. The fire-  resistance rating of a wood frame assembly is equal to the sum of the time assigned to the membrane on the fire-exposed side, the time assigned to the framing members and the time assigned for additional contribution by  other protective measures such as insulation. The membrane on the unexposed side shall not be included in determining the fire resistance of  the assembly.

    721.6.2.2Time assigned to membranes. Table 721.6.2(1) indicates the time assigned to membranes on the fire-exposed side.

    721.6.2.3Exterior walls. For an exterior wall with a fire separation  distance greater than 5 feet (1524 mm), the wall is assigned a rating dependent on  the  interior membrane  and  the  framing  as  described  in Tables 721.6.2(1) and 721.6.2(2). The membrane on the outside of the nonfire-exposed side of exterior walls with a fire separation distance greater than 5 feet (1524 mm) may consist of sheathing, sheathing paper and siding as described in Table 721.6.2(3).

    TABLE 721.6.2(1)

    DESCRIPTION OF FINISH

    TIMEe (minutes)

    3/8-inch wood structural panel bonded with exterior glue

    5

    15/32-inch wood structural panel bonded with exterior glue

    10

    19/32-inch wood structural panel bonded with exterior glue

    15

    3/8-inch gypsum wallboard

    10

    ½-inch gypsum wallboard

    15

    3/8-inch gypsum wallboard

    30

    ½-inch Type X gypsum wallboard

    25

    5/8-inch Type X gypsum wallboard

    40

    Double 3/8-inch gypsum wallboard

    25

    ½-inch + 3/8-inch gypsum wallboard

    35

    Double ½-inch gypsum wallboard

    40

     

     
    TIME ASSIGNED TO WALLBOARD MEMBRANESa, b, c, d

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    a. These values apply only when membranes are installed on framing members which  are spaced 16 inches o.c.

    b.Gypsum wallboard installed over framing or furring shall be installed so that all edges are supported, except 5/8-inch Type X gypsum wallboard shall be permitted  to be installed horizontally with the horizontal joints staggered 24 inches each side and unsupported but finished.

    c. On wood frame floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assemblies, gypsum board shall be installed with the long dimension perpendicular to framing members and shall have all joints finished.

    d.The membrane on the unexposed side shall not be included in determining the fire  resistance of the assembly. When dissimilar membranes are used on a wall assembly, the calculation shall be made from the least fire-resistant (weaker) side.

    e.The time assigned is not a finished rating.

    721.6.2.4Floors and roofs. In the case of a floor or roof, the standard test provides only for testing for fire exposure from below. Except as noted in Section 703.3, Item 5, floor or roof assemblies of wood framing shall have an upper membrane consisting of a subfloor and finished floor conforming

    to Table 721.6.2(4) or any other membrane that has a contribution to fire  resistance of at least 15 minutes in Table 721.6.2(1).

    TABLE 721.6.2(2)

    TIME ASSIGNED FOR CONTRIBUTION OF WOOD FRAME a, b, c

    DESCRIPTION

    TIME ASSIGNED TO FRAME (minutes)

    Wood studs 16 inches o.c.

    20

    Wood floor and roof joists 16 inches o.c.

    10

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    a.This table does not apply to studs or joists spaced more than 16 inches o.c.

    b.All studs shall be nominal 2 × 4 and all joists shall have a nominal thickness of at least 2 inches.

    c.Allowable spans for joists shall be determined in accordance with Sections 2308.8, 2308.10.2 and 2308.10.3.

    TABLE 721.6.2(3)

    SHEATHING

    PAPER

    EXTERIOR FINISH

    5/8-inch T & G lumber

    5/16-inch exterior glue wood structural panel

    ½-inch gypsum wallboard

    5/8-inch gypsum wallboard

    ½-inch fiberboard

    Sheathing paper

    Lumber siding

    Wood shingles and shakes

    ¼-inch wood structural panels-exterior type

    ¼-inch hardboard Metal siding

    Stucco on metal lath  Masonry veneer  Vinyl siding

    None

    -

    3/8-inch exterior-grade wood structural panels

     

     
    MEMBRANEa ON EXTERIOR FACE OF WOOD STUD WALLS

    For SI: 1 pound/cubic foot = 16.0185 kg/m2.

    a.Any combination of sheathing, paper and exterior finish is permitted.

    TABLE 721.6.2(4)

    FLOORING OR ROOFING OVER WOOD FRAMINGa

     

    ASSEMBLY

    STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

     

    SUBFLOOR OR ROOF DECK

     

    FINISHED FLOORING OR ROOFING

     

     

    Floor

     

     

    Wood

     

    15/32-inch wood structural panels or

    11/16 inch T & G softwood

     

    Hardwood or softwood flooring on building paper resilient   flooring, parquet floor felted-synthetic fiber floor coverings,  carpeting, or ceramic tile on 3/8-inch-thick panel-type underlay   Ceramic tile on 1¼-inch mortar bed

    Roof

                   

    Wood

    15/32-inch wood structural panels or 11/16 inch T & G softwood

     Finished roofing material with or without insulation

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    a. This table applies only to wood joist construction. It is not applicable to wood truss construction.

    TABLE 721.6.2(5)

    TIME ASSIGNED FOR ADDITIONAL PROTECTION

    DESCRIPTION OF ADDITIONAL PROTECTION

    RESISTANCE (minutes)

    Add to the fire-resistance rating of wood stud walls if the spaces between the studs are completely  filled with glass fiber mineral wool batts weighing not less than 2 pounds per cubic foot (0.6 pound per square foot of wall surface) or rockwool or slag material wool batts weighing not less than 3.3 pounds   per cubic foot (1 pound per square foot of wall surface), or cellulose insulation having a nominal density not less than 2.6 pounds per cubic foot.

     

     

    15

    For SI: 1 pound/cubic foot = 16.0185 kg/m3.

    721.6.2.5Additional protection. Table 721.6.2(5) indicates the time increments to be added to the fire resistance where glass fiber, rockwool,  slag mineral wool or cellulose insulation is incorporated in the assembly.

    721.6.2.6Fastening. Fastening of wood frame assemblies and the fastening of membranes to the wood framing members shall be done in accordance with Chapter 23.

    721.6.3Design of fire-resistant exposed wood members. The fire-resistance rating, in minutes, of timber beams and columns with a minimum nominal dimension of 6 inches (152 mm) is equal to:

    Beams:        2.54Zb [4 -2(b/d)] for beams which may be exposed to fire on four  sides.

    (Equation 7-18)  2.54Zb [4 -(b/d)] for beams which may be exposed to fire on three  sides.

    (Equation 7-19)

    Columns:  2.54Zd [3 -(d/b)] for columns which may be exposed to fire on  four sides

    (Equation 7-20)  2.54Zd [3 -(d/2b)] for columns which may be exposed to fire on   three sides.

    (Equation 7-21)

    where:

    b= The breadth (width) of a beam or larger side of a column before exposure   to fire (inches).

    d = The depth of a beam or smaller side of a column before exposure to fire (inches).

    Z = Load factor, based on Figure 721.6.3(1).

    721.6.3.1Equation 7-21. Equation 7-21 applies only where  the unexposed face represents the smaller side of the column. If a column is  recessed into a wall, its full dimension shall be used for the purpose of  these calculations.

    721.6.3.2Allowable loads. Allowable loads on beams and columns are determined using design values given in AF&PA NDS.

    721.6.3.3Fastener protection. Where minimum 1-hour fire resistance is required, connectors and fasteners shall be protected from fire exposure by inches (38 mm) of wood, or other approved covering or coating for a  1-hour rating. Typical details for commonly used fasteners and connectors are shown in AITC Technical Note 7.

    721.6.3.4Minimum size. Wood members are limited to dimensions of 6  inches (152 mm) nominal or greater. Glued-laminated timber beams utilize standard laminating combinations except that a core lamination is removed. The tension zone is moved inward and the equivalent of an extra nominal 2-inch-thick (51 mm) outer tension lamination is added.

    FIGURE 721.6.3(1) LOAD FIGURE

    Ke =  The effective length factor as noted in Figure 721.6.3(2).

    l = The unsupported length of columns (inches).

    FIGURE 721.6.3(2) EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTORS

    Replaces:                                                     4101:1-7-01

    Effective:                                                     11/01/2011

    R.C. 119.032 review dates:                         11/01/2016

    CERTIFIED ELECTRONICALLY

    Certification

    07/29/2011

    Date

    Promulgated Under:                           119.03

    Statutory Authority:                           3781.10(A)

    Rule Amplifies:                                  3781.10, 3781.11, 3791.04

    Prior Effective Dates:                         7/1/82, 3/1/85, 1/1/89, 9/1/92, 7/1/95, 1/1/02, 7/1/02, 3/1/05, 7/1/06

Document Information

Effective Date:
11/1/2011
File Date:
2011-07-29
Last Day in Effect:
2011-11-01
Rule File:
4101$1-7-01_PH_FF_N_RU_20110729_1530.pdf
Related Chapter/Rule NO.: (1)
Ill. Adm. Code 4101:1-7-01. Fire and smoke protection features